1 P7内容简介
Part A Regulatory environment
Part B Professional and ethical considerations
Part C Practice management
Part D Audit of historical financial information
Part E Other assignments
Part F Reporting
Part G Current issues and developments
2 F8内容回顾
1.1 Objective of an assurance engagement
- Increase confidence
- Reduce risk
1.2 What is assurance?
执业者根据所参照的国际准则对鉴证业务的对象进行检查和评估，出具意见，为鉴证对象使用者提供合理保证。
- The Three Parties: Practitioner/Intended user/Responsible Party
- Subject matter
- Suitable criteria
- Sufficient Appropriate Evidence
- A Written Report (express an opinion)
1.3 Category of assurance engagement
- Audit
- Reviews
- Other assurance engagement
审计和审阅业务不同
审计提供reasonable assurance，报告中的表述是positive，没有重大错报
审阅提供limited assurance，报告中的表述是negative，没有注意到某些事项让审计师相信报表未按照会计准则编制
商定程序是factual finding，只针对事实，不提供任何保证
1.4 Audit engagement
1.4.1 Objective of external audit
express an opinion on whether FS
- give a true and fair view
- are well prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework
合理保证是95%-98%的程度，即发表不恰当意见的可能性概率为2%-5%
1.4.2 Materiality（重要性水平）-审计计划阶段
Influence the economic decisions of users (ISA320)
- Value
1/2~1% of revenue
5~10% of profit before tax
1~2% of gross assets - Nature
关联方交易(related party transaction) - Impact
项目使公司扭亏为盈
1.4.3 Audit risk
AR=IR×CR×DR
财报存在重大错报时发表了不恰当审计意见的风险
-
Risk of material misstatement
- Inherent risk-IR --- 没有内控时管理层认定产生重大错报的风险
- Control risk-CR --- 内部控制失效的风险
Detection risk-DR --- 管理层认定存在重大错报但没有被审计师发现的风险
审计师需要确定审计风险，评估重大错报风险，降低检查风险（重大错报风险和DR成反比）
1.4.4 Professional Skepticism
1.4.5 Going Concern
The assumption that the enterprise will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future (12 months).
