block的循环引用,在日常开发中,我们常常遇到,但是可能部分新人还不太了解为何会循环引用,到底是如何循环引用理解得不够透彻,并且在ARC环境下只知道用__weakSelf去解决,但也不知道原因,现在我们来剖析一下,循环引用的的底层原理。看看下面一段常见的代码:
循环引用原因分析
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "RMPerson.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
// insert code here...
RMPerson *person = [[RMPerson alloc] init];
person.age = 20;
person.block = ^{
NSLog(@"age is %d",person.age);
};
person.block();
}
NSLog(@"----------------");
return 0;
}
---------------RMPerson.h----------------
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface RMPerson : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^block)(void);
@end
---------------RMPerson.h----------------
#import "RMPerson.h"
@implementation RMPerson
@end
// 控制台打印
2018-07-04 11:27:23.129229+0800 block-循环引用[26623:2507647] age is 20
2018-07-04 11:27:23.129421+0800 block-循环引用[26623:2507647] -----------------
Program ended with exit code: 0
从上面的代码可以得出,block
调用完后,person
都没用释放,NSLog(@"----------------");
打印完了,person
也还没释放,说明person
引用计数器不为0。
用clang 命令将 这段代码转换成C++代码(xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang -arch arm64 -rewrite-objc main.m)如下:
struct __main_block_impl_0 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
RMPerson *__strong person;
__main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, RMPerson *__strong _person, int flags=0) : person(_person) {
impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
impl.Flags = flags;
impl.FuncPtr = fp;
Desc = desc;
}
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
RMPerson *__strong person = __cself->person; // bound by copy
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_0xn052bn6dgb9z7pfk8bbg740000gn_T_main_d61985_mi_0,((int (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)person, sel_registerName("age")));
}
static void __main_block_copy_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*dst, struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {
_Block_object_assign((void*)&dst->person, (void*)src->person, 3/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);
}
static void __main_block_dispose_0(struct __main_block_impl_0*src) {
_Block_object_dispose((void*)src->person, 3/*BLOCK_FIELD_IS_OBJECT*/);
}
static struct __main_block_desc_0 {
size_t reserved;
size_t Block_size;
void (*copy)(struct __main_block_impl_0*, struct __main_block_impl_0*);
void (*dispose)(struct __main_block_impl_0*);
} __main_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main_block_impl_0), __main_block_copy_0, __main_block_dispose_0};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
/* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool;
RMPerson *person = ((RMPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)((RMPerson *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("RMPerson"), sel_registerName("alloc")), sel_registerName("init"));
((void (*)(id, SEL, void (*)()))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)person, sel_registerName("setBlock:"), ((void (*)())&__main_block_impl_0((void *)__main_block_func_0, &__main_block_desc_0_DATA, person, 570425344)));
((void (*(*)(id, SEL))())(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)person, sel_registerName("block"))();
}
return 0;
}
static struct IMAGE_INFO { unsigned version; unsigned flag; } _OBJC_IMAGE_INFO = { 0, 2 };
这段代码,我们再熟悉不过了,因为从之前block的章节中,几乎每一个相关的block小问题,都会上底层代码来研究其原理。循环引用的原因就是,1.person里的属性block强引用block
,因block又捕获了person,block在copy的时候,_Block_object_assign
根据person是strong,还是__weak,来对person的引用计数器做是否+1的处理,而此处的person是strong修饰的,所以block又强引用person,person的引用计数器+1。所以2.block又强引用了person
。
用图片表示就是下面:
解决循环引用问题
1、用__weak、__unsafe_unretained解决
// __weak
RMPerson *person = [[RMPerson alloc] init];
person.age = 20;
__weak typeof(person) weakPerson = person;
person.block = ^{
NSLog(@"age is %d",weakPerson.age);
};
person.block();
- 如上使用
__weak
可解决循环引用,也是开发中最常用最安全的方法,使用__weak
,block捕获person的进去时,block不会强引用person,而是对对象弱引用,如下图
// __unsafe_unretained
RMPerson *person = [[RMPerson alloc] init];
person.age = 20;
__unsafe_unretained typeof(person) weakPerson = person;
person.block = ^{
NSLog(@"age is %d",weakPerson.age);
};
person.block();
- 使用
__unsafe_unretained
也可以解决,__unsafe_unretained
顾名思义就是不安全、不retained
的意思,__unsafe_unretained
和__weak
相比较主要区别是在于,当person
释放的时候,block
也随之销毁,但是在__unsafe__unretained
修饰下的weakPerson会依然指向之前的内存空间,此时weakPerson访问的就是"僵尸对象",所以就是不安全。
总结:
- __unsafe_unretained: 不会对对象进行retain,当对象销毁时,会依然指向之前的内存空间(野指针)
- __weak: 不会对对象进行retain,当对象销毁时,会自动指向nil
相比之下,建议开发中使用__weak
,__weak
更安全,更有效
2、用__block解决(必须调用block)
RMPerson *person = [[RMPerson alloc] init];
__block weakPerson = person;
self.block = ^ {
NSLog(@"person : %@",weakPerson);
weakPerson = nil;
};
self.block();
用__block
修饰的变量,会被包装成一个对象,也持有了person
对象,如下面一张图
所以,要解决循环引用,就把
__block变量
持有的person对象的指针置为nil后,就可以解决,也因此必须要调用block,才能将__block变量
置空如下图:总结:循环引用是因为,对象强引用了blcok,block内部也强引用了捕获进去的对象,相互引用无法释放。解决循环引用,1、用__weak、__unsafe_unretained解决
,2、用__block解决(必须调用block)
.
以上分析得解决循环引用的都是在ARC环境下的,现在也简单下分析MRC环境下是如何避免循环引用。
解决循环引用(MRC环境)
1、用__unsafe_unretained
解决(MRC环境下是不支持__weak
弱指针的)
// __unsafe_unretained
RMPerson *person = [[RMPerson alloc] init];
person.age = 20;
__unsafe_unretained typeof(person) weakPerson = person;
person.block = ^{
NSLog(@"age is %d",weakPerson.age);
};
person.block();
2、用__block
解决
RMPerson *person = [[RMPerson alloc] init];
__block weakPerson = person;
self.block = ^ {
NSLog(@"person : %@",weakPerson);
};
在MRC环境下,__block
不会对person强引用,所以不会存在循环引用。