近日报名参加英语语法学习网络课程,拟将学习内容集中整理,巩固知识,并且供后续查阅使用。
No.1 名词从句之主语从句
主语从句,即以从句作为句子的主语成分,包括以下3种类型:
- 一般陈述句做句子主语,用that引导,that位于句首,不可省略;
- 一般疑问句做句子主语,用whether引导,whether位于句首,不可使用if;
- 特殊疑问句做主语,用特殊疑问词引导,特殊疑问词位于句首;
- it作形式主语,连接词可以用that、whether/if、特殊疑问词。
That位于句首,引导一般陈述句作句子主语
课堂作业及参考答案
- 课堂作业:所有被砍伐的木材里有多达四分之一没有被利用,这件事被证明是假的。
- 我的翻译:That as much as a quarter of the cut timber didn't be used has been proved to be fake.
- 参考答案:That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.
复盘总结
句子结构
单词选用
-
木材: timber与wood
wood: a hard substance which forms the branches and trunks of trees and which can be used as a building material, for making things, or as a fuel
timber: wood used for building
——引用自《剑桥双解》由以上词典释义可见,“timber”专指用于建筑的木材,而wood可以是用于多种目的的木材,包含但不仅限于建筑。在此句中,由于没有前后语境,因此两者都可用。
-
砍伐:harvest、cut和chop
harvest:the gathering of crops from the fields.
cut: to use a knife, scissors, or another sharp tool to divide or remove something, make something look neat etc.
chop: to cut wood, vegetables, meat etc into pieces, using a heavy knife or an axe.
——引用自《朗文搭配》由以上词典释义可见,harvest强调一个收集的意思,而cut则是用利器分解或移除某物,没有收集的意思。chop强调的是切成块。
如例句中使用timber,强调收集起来用于建筑的木材,则使用harvest更为合适。 -
假的:fake与false
false: not true or not real
fake: made to look like something else, especially in order to deceive people
——引用自《朗文搭配》由以上词典释义可见,fake特别强调是为了欺骗别人,而false则比较中性,可以是欺骗别人,也可以只是客观地表达某事物是不真实的。
固定用法
- prove to be
这里容易将prove当成一般动词,于是看到中文中“被证明”这一表述,就使用be proved to be,这是错误用法。
实际上prove是系动词(linking verb),to be是不定式作表语,不能使用被动语态。
例如:The news proved to be ture. 这则消息被证明是真是的。这一句子结构是:主语+系动词+表语。prove并不是充当谓语。 - as much as
像……那样多,多到……(程度)
*如果修饰的内容是可数的,则使用as many as - 过去分词作后置定语
参考答案中,“被砍伐”是用harvested这一过去分词做后置定语,而我受中文习惯影响,定语前置。
我的错误用法
didn't be used:be used已经是系表结构,不需要加上谓语动词do。
拓展造句
- that 引导的主语从句在句首
That I traveled to Japan with my good friend is the most exciting thing this year.
That I'm getting fatter and fatter is a terrible fact. - prove to be true/false
The news posted this morning proved to be false.
His personal information proved to be false. - as much as,表示“多到……地步”
She can drink as much as 0.5 kilogram of white wine at a time.
As much as one-fourth of our spending can be saved.