二进制部署k8s
一、安装要求
在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
1、硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
2、可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
3、禁止swap分区
二、单Master服务器规划
k8s-master 192.168.31.71 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-node1 192.168.31.72 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.31.73 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd
高可用集群规划（在单点上扩展的）
192.168.10.136 master1
192.168.10.137 node
192.168.10.138 node
192.168.10.139 master2
192.168.10.140 load
192.168.10.141 load
192.168.10.142 vip
三、操作系统初始化
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
#关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.10.136 master1
192.168.10.137 node1
192.168.10.138 node2
EOF
#将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
四、部署Etcd集群（三台机器都要部署，找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master节点）
1、准备cfssl证书生成工具，cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2、生成Etcd证书
自签证书颁发机构（CA）
①创建工作目录：
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
②自签CA：
vi ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
vi ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
③生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem 看下数字证书ca-key.pem和ca.pem是否生成
3、使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书（上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP）
vi server-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.10.136",
"192.168.10.137",
"192.168.10.138"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem 看下数字证书server-key.pem和server.pem是否生成
4、下载etcd二进制包，并部署（以下在master上操作，为简化操作，待会将master上生成的所有文件拷贝etcd其他节点）
地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
①、创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar xf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
②、创建etcd配置文件
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.136:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.136:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.136:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.136:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.10.136:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.10.137:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.10.138:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
注释：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
③、systemd管理etcd
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
④、把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
⑤、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start etcd && systemctl enable etcd
⑥、将master上所有生成的文件拷贝到node1和node2上
scp -r /opt/etcd root@192.168.10.137:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.10.137:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd root@192.168.10.138:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.10.138:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
⑦、然后在node1和node2上分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" #修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上
⑧、查看集群状态（成功会返回healthy:successfully状态）
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.10.136:2379,https://192.168.10.137:2379,https://192.168.10.138:2379" endpoint health
五、安装Docker（以下在所有节点操作，这里采用二进制安装，用yum安装也一样）
下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
1、解压二进制包
tar xf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
2、systemd管理docker
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3、创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
4、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
六、部署Master
1、生成kube-apiserver证书
自签证书颁发机构（CA）
cd TLS/k8s
vi ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
vi ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem 看下数字证书ca-key.pem和ca.pem是否生成
2、使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件：
vi server-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.10.136",
"192.168.10.137",
"192.168.10.138",
"192.168.10.139",
"192.168.10.140",
"192.168.10.141",
"192.168.10.142",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem 看下数字证书server-key.pem和server.pem是否生成
3、下载可以部署master和node的二进制文件（打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker二进制文件。）
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183
①、解压二进制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
4、部署kube-apiserver
①、创建配置文件（注：上面两个\ \第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。）
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.136:2379,https://192.168.10.137:2379,https://192.168.10.138:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.10.136 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.10.136 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注释：
logtostderr：启用日志
-v：日志等级
log-dir：日志目录
etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
bind-address：监听地址
secure-port：https安全端口
advertise-address：集群通告地址
allow-privileged：启用授权
service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
audit-log-xxx：审计日志、
②、把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
③、启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
④、创建上述配置文件中token文件（格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组）
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
token也可自行生成替换（获取随机token）
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
⑤、systemd管理apiserver
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
⑥、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-apiserver && systemctl enable kube-apiserver
⑦、授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书（kubectl命令需要配置config，要不然下面命令不可用）
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
⑧、配置kubectl，创建kubeconfig文件（注意命令执行的位置,要在证书所在目录下）
#生成管理员证书(在mater节点上操作)
cd /root/TLS/k8s
vi admin-csr.json
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
#设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--server=https://192.168.10.136:6443 \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=config
#设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--client-key=admin-key.pem \
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
--kubeconfig=config
#设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=cluster-admin \
--kubeconfig=config
#设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=config
#使命令生效
mv config /root/.kube/
5、部署kube-controller-manager
①、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
注释：
master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致
②、systemd管理controller-manager
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
③、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-controller-manager && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
6、部署kube-scheduler
①、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
注释：
master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
②、systemd管理kube-scheduler
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
③、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-scheduler && systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
④、查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功，通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：
kubectl get cs
七、部署node节点
1、创建目录&从master拷贝命令到node上
①、在所有node节点创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
②、从master节点拷贝：
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 192.168.10.137:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
cd /root/kubernetes/server/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.10.137:/opt/kubernetes/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.10.138:/opt/kubernetes/bin
scp kubectl 192.168.10.137:/usr/bin
scp kubectl 192.168.10.138:/usr/bin
2、部署kubelet
①、创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=node1 \\ #此处需要修改为节点主机名
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
注释：
hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
network-plugin：启用CNI
kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
config：配置参数文件
cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像
②、配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
③、生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件（下面命令在master节点的/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下操作）
设置变量：
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.10.136:6443" #apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" #与token.csv里保持一致
生成kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig 192.168.10.137:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig 192.168.10.138:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
④、systemd管理kubelet
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
⑤、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet
ps -ef | grep kubelet
netstat -antp | grep 10250
⑥、批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群（下面命令在master节点操作）
#查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr（命令可以查看到哪些节点申请了证书请求）
#批准申请
kubectl certificate approve 后面加上上条命令返回的节点名称
#查看节点
kubectl get node（此时节点都是notready的状态，因为还没有部署cni网络插件）
3、部署kube-proxy
①、创建配置文件
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
②、配置参数文件
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master #此处修改为自己的主机名
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
③、生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig证书文件（下面命令在master节点操作）
#切换工作目录
cd /root/TLS/k8s
#创建证书请求文件
vi kube-proxy-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
#生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem 看下数字证书kube-proxy-key.pem和kube-proxy.pem是否生成
#拷贝证书到node节点
scp kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem 192.168.10.137:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem 192.168.10.138:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
④、生成kubeconfig文件：
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.10.136:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
⑤、systemd管理kube-proxy
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
⑤、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-proxy && systemctl enable kube-proxy
ps -ef | grep kube-proxy
netstat -antp | grep 10249
4、部署cni网络插件（在node节点上操作）
①、先准备好CNI二进制文件（这个可以下载到）
②、解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录
mkdir /opt/cni/bin -p
tar xf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
③、部署CNI网络（下面那个链接访问不到，我自行下载了yaml文件，默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为docker hub镜像仓库）
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get node（此时node显示为ready状态）
④、授权apiserver访问kubelet
vi apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
八、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
①、部署Dashboard（下载不了，已自行下载）
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
②、授权访问dashboard
cat dashboard-adminuser.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml
③、获取可以访问dashboard页面的token（复制token即可）
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret |grep admin-user|awk '{print $1}')
④、访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001
⑤、部署CoreDNS，CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析（自行下载yaml文件）
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
⑥、DNS解析测试
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
可以看到解析没问题
九、新增加Node节点
1、拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点，在node1节点将涉及文件拷贝到新节点node2,
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.10.138:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.10.138:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.10.138:/opt/
2、删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件(注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除重新生成)
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
3、修改主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=node2
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: node2
4、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
5、在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro
6、查看Node状态
kubectl get node
至此单master集群部署完成！！
十、高可用架构（扩容多Master架构，多部署一个master，两个nginx）
集群ip规划
192.168.10.136,master
192.168.10.137,node
192.168.10.138,node
192.168.10.139,master2
192.168.10.140,nginx-load
192.168.10.141,nginx-load
192.168.10.142,vip
1、安装Docker（master2操作）
同上，不再赘述。
2、部署master2（192.168.10.139）
master2与已部署的Master1所有操作一致。所以我们只需将Master1所有K8s文件拷贝过来，再修改下服务器IP和主机名启动服务即可。
3、创建etcd证书目录
在Master2创建etcd证书目录：
mkdir -p /opt/etcd/ssl
4、拷贝文件（Master1操作）
拷贝master1上所有K8s文件和etcd证书到master2
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.10.139:/opt
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.10.139:/opt
scp -r /opt/etcd/ssl root@192.168.10.139:/opt/etcd
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube* root@192.168.10.139:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /usr/bin/kubectl root@192.168.10.139:/usr/bin
5、删除证书文件
删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
6、修改配置文件IP和主机名
修改apiserver、kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件为本地IP
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
--bind-address=192.168.10.139 \ #修改为本机IP
--advertise-address=192.168.10.139 \ #修改为本机IP
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=master2 #修改为本机主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: master2 #修改为本机主机名
7、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy
十一、部署Nginx负载均衡器
1、原理
Nginx是一个主流Web服务和反向代理服务器，这里用四层实现对apiserver实现负载均衡。
Keepalived是一个主流高可用软件，基于VIP绑定实现服务器双机热备，Keepalived主要根据Nginx运行状态判断是否需要故障转移（偏移VIP），例如当Nginx主节点挂掉，VIP会自动绑定在Nginx备节点，从而保证VIP一直可用，实现Nginx高可用。
2、安装软件包（主/备都要操作）
yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y
3、Nginx配置文件（主/备一样）
cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << EOF
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
stream {
log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 192.168.10.136:6443;
server 192.168.10.139:6443;
}
server {
listen 6443;
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
location / {
}
}
}
EOF
4、keepalived配置文件（nginx-master）
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER #这个位置不同
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #这个位置不同
interface ens32 #修改为实际网卡名
virtual_router_id 10 #修改为ip地址第三位
priority 100
advert_int 1 #指定VRRP心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.142/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
5、检查nginx状态脚本（master上面做）
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
6、keepalived配置文件（nginx-backup）
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_BACKUP #这个位置和master不同
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP #这个位置和master不同
interface ens32
virtual_router_id 10
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.142/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
7、检查nginx状态脚本(backup上面做)
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")
if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
注：keepalived根据脚本返回状态码（0为工作正常，非0不正常）判断是否故障转移
8、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived
9、查看keepalived工作状态
ip a 查看是否能在ens32网卡信息里看到vip的地址
10、Nginx+Keepalived高可用测试
关闭主节点nginx，测试VIP是否漂移到备节点服务器。
在nginx master执行pkill nginx
在nginx backup，ip a命令查看已成功绑定VIP
11、访问负载均衡器测试
找K8s集群中任意一个节点，使用curl查看K8s版本测试，使用VIP访问
curl -k https://192.168.10.142:6443/version
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "18",
"gitVersion": "v1.18.2",
"gitCommit": "52c56ce7a8272c798dbc29846288d7cd9fbae032",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2020-04-16T11:48:36Z",
"goVersion": "go1.13.9",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}
可以正确获取到K8s版本信息，说明负载均衡器搭建正常
12、通过查看nginx日志也可以看到转发apiserver ip
tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f
13、修改所有node节点连接LB的VIP（在所有node节点上执行）
sed -i 's#192.168.10.136:6443#192.168.10.142:6443#' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/*
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl restart kube-proxy
14、检查节点状态
kubectl get node 所有节点状态正常
一套完整的Kubernetes高可用集群就部署完成了！
