JetPack之Lifecycle源码解析

Lifecycle是什么

Lifecycle是Google官方提供的方便管理生命周期事件的方式,可以更方便的监听生命周期变化事件,它以注解的方式作用在方法上,当生命周期方法调用时,它也会被跟随调用。

Lifecycle是一个抽象类,它持有关于组件(如Activity 或 Fragment)生命周期状态的信息,并且允许其他对象观察此状态。

从Lifecycle类作切入点读代码:
public abstract class Lifecycle {
 
    AtomicReference<Object> mInternalScopeRef = new AtomicReference<>();

    @MainThread
    public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);

    @MainThread
    public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);

    @MainThread
    @NonNull
    public abstract State getCurrentState();

    @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
    public enum Event {
        ON_CREATE,
        ON_START,
        ON_RESUME,
        ON_PAUSE,
        ON_STOP,
        ON_DESTROY,
        ON_ANY
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
    public enum State {
        DESTROYED,
        INITIALIZED,
        CREATED,
        STARTED,
        RESUMED;
    }
}

分析:Lifecycle使用两个枚举来跟踪其关联组件的生命周期状态,这两个枚举分别是Event和State。Event中的事件和Activity的生命周期几乎是对应的,除了ON_ANY,它可用于匹配所有事件。还有添加和删除观察者的方法。

State:当前生命周期所处状态
Event:当前生命周期改变对应的事件

Lifecycle如何观察到Activity和Fragment的生命周期
Activity的继承关系:

AppCompatActivity继承了FragmentActivity,FragmentActivity继承了ComponentActivity,ComponentActivity最终去实现了LifecycleOwner接口。

LifecycleOwner接口代码:只有一个getLifecycle()抽象方法。

@SuppressWarnings({"WeakerAccess", "unused"})
public interface LifecycleOwner {
    @NonNull
    Lifecycle getLifecycle();
}

ComponentActivity类关于实现lifecycle的代码:

public class ComponentActivity extends androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity implements  LifecycleOwner {

    private final LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mSavedStateRegistryController.performRestore(savedInstanceState);
        ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);    //注释处
        if (mContentLayoutId != 0) {
            setContentView(mContentLayoutId);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return mLifecycleRegistry;
    }
}

正常来说应该在ComponentActivity的各个生命周期方法中改变Lifecycle的State,显然在ComponentActivity中没有做这些,注释处表明是通过injectIfNeededIn()这个方法将这个任务交给了ReportFragment,让fragment监听activity生命周期,这个fragment是一个空白fragment,这里估计是借鉴了前辈Glide观察组件生命周期的方式。

ReportFragment类部分实现:
@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP_PREFIX)
public class ReportFragment extends Fragment {

    public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
            // On API 29+, we can register for the correct Lifecycle callbacks directly
            LifecycleCallbacks.registerIn(activity);
        }
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
            // Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction.
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }
       @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        dispatchResume(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
        // just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity
        mProcessListener = null;
    }

    private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
        Activity activity = getActivity();
        if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
            ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            return;
        }

        if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
            Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
            if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
                ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            }
        }
    }
}

同时,ComponentActivity中获取LifecycleOwner,返回LifecycleRegistry对象,LifecycleRegistry继承了Lifecycle,让LifecycleRegistry去实现Lifecycle的功能。

LifecycleRegistry类部分代码实现:
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle {

     private State mState;
     private final WeakReference<LifecycleOwner> mLifecycleOwner;

     public LifecycleRegistry(@NonNull LifecycleOwner provider) {
        mLifecycleOwner = new WeakReference<>(provider);
        mState = INITIALIZED;
    }

    @Override
    public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
            ...
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
          ...
    }

    static State getStateAfter(Event event) {
        switch (event) {
            case ON_CREATE:
            case ON_STOP:
                return CREATED;
            case ON_START:
            case ON_PAUSE:
                return STARTED;
            case ON_RESUME:
                return RESUMED;
            case ON_DESTROY:
                return DESTROYED;
            case ON_ANY:
                break;
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected event value " + event);
    }

    private static Event downEvent(State state) {
        switch (state) {
            case INITIALIZED:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            case CREATED:
                return ON_DESTROY;
            case STARTED:
                return ON_STOP;
            case RESUMED:
                return ON_PAUSE;
            case DESTROYED:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected state value " + state);
    }

    static class ObserverWithState {
        State mState;
        LifecycleEventObserver mLifecycleObserver;

        ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
            mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.lifecycleEventObserver(observer);
            mState = initialState;
        }

        void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
            State newState = getStateAfter(event);
            mState = min(mState, newState);
            mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
            mState = newState;
        }
    }
}
分析这个核心过程:

当ReportFragment生命周期发生改变时,调用dispatch()方法并将当前生命周期对应的事件Event分发,交给当前所属的实现了lifecycle或LifecycleOwner的activity处理,通过activity.getLifecycle()获取到内部持有的LifecycleRegistry,最终是调用了LifecycleRegistry的handleLifecycleEvent(event)方法处理。

    public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        State next = getStateAfter(event);
        moveToState(next);
    }

getStateAfter方法会获取“即将的事件” :当前事件执行后,修改生命周期状态为下一个状态,事件变化有正向和反向两种方式。代码如下:

    static State getStateAfter(Event event) {
        switch (event) {
            case ON_CREATE:
            case ON_STOP:
                return CREATED;
            case ON_START:
            case ON_PAUSE:
                return STARTED;
            case ON_RESUME:
                return RESUMED;
            case ON_DESTROY:
                return DESTROYED;
            case ON_ANY:
                break;
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected event value " + event);
    }

为什么要做这么复杂的时间变化呢。因为lifecycle需要支持Livedata,Viewmodel,activity,fragment,以及任意组件使用,需要做得更加灵活。

同样在LifecycleRegistry类中,在handleLifecycleEvent方法调用moveToState:

    private void moveToState(State next) {
        if (mState == next) {
            return;
        }
        mState = next;
        if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) {
            mNewEventOccurred = true;
            // we will figure out what to do on upper level.
            return;
        }
        mHandlingEvent = true;
        sync();
        mHandlingEvent = false;
    }

让观察的生命周期状态进行平移与被观察者对齐。

然后执行moveToState中的sync方法进行状态同步:

    private void sync() {
        LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
        if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("LifecycleOwner of this LifecycleRegistry is already"
                    + "garbage collected. It is too late to change lifecycle state.");
        }
        while (!isSynced()) {
            mNewEventOccurred = false;
            // no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
            if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
                backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
            Map.Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
            if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                    && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
                forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
        }
        mNewEventOccurred = false;
    }

根据状态的差异调用backwardPass或者forwardPass将状态进行前进或者后退,然后调用observer的dispatchEvent进行事件分发。

    private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
        Iterator<Map.Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> ascendingIterator =
                mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions();
        while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
            Map.Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = ascendingIterator.next();
            ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
            while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                    && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
                pushParentState(observer.mState);
                final Event event = Event.upFrom(observer.mState);
                if (event == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("no event up from " + observer.mState);
                }
                observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event);
                popParentState();
            }
        }
    }

而通过getLifecycle().addObserver(new MyLifecycleObserver())给组件添加观察着,会将该observer添加进lifecycleRegistry的mObserverMap中。

ObserverWithState类代码:

 static class ObserverWithState {
        State mState;
        GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;

        ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
            mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);//1
            mState = initialState;
        }

        void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
            State newState = getStateAfter(event);
            mState = min(mState, newState);
            mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
            mState = newState;
        }
    }
/**
 * An internal implementation of {@link LifecycleObserver} that relies on reflection.
 */
class ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver implements LifecycleEventObserver {
    private final Object mWrapped;
    private final CallbackInfo mInfo;

    ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(Object wrapped) {
        mWrapped = wrapped;
        mInfo = ClassesInfoCache.sInstance.getInfo(mWrapped.getClass());
    }

    @Override
    public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Event event) {
        mInfo.invokeCallbacks(source, event, mWrapped);    //注释处
    }
}

当调用dispatchEvent后,遍历map中的观察者,获取观察者对象。实现LifecycleObserver接口的类中,注解修饰的方法和事件会被保存起来,通过反射对事件的对应方法进行调用。

总结如上过程中调用链的时序图:
lifecycle家族关联类及集成关系图:
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