1.一般来说四级作文有12句话
被动：2 强调：2 倒装：2 定从：2 非谓语/状语从句：2 还有两句套用固定的格式
被动：
方法：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 把谓语变成被动结构 把主动语态中的主语放在by后面（有时可以省略）
every time when Mary goes to journey,she does not know what clothes she should be take.
改成：every time when Mary goes to journey,On no accounts dose she know what clothes should be taken .
强调：
It + be +被强调的部分+that+其他部分不变
eg:
It was the nurse that attended to me when was in the hospital
No genius but knowledge makes the difference between success and failure
改成：It is no genius but knowledge that makes the difference between success and failure.
be:叙述的事实是现在或者将来用is 叙述的事实是过去用was 其他部分可以照抄
倒装：
倒装句只和主谓有关
一，only位于句首时
外国人说话喜欢把重点说在前面
只有通过这种方式/你才能....
only in this way can you learn English well
他没有....除非....
only when she is seriously ill does she ever stay in bed
二，虚拟语句省略if
were I you，......
三，否定意义单词位于句首
On no account are you to cheat in the coming exams
四，so....that固定句型提前so
he was so frighten was he that he did not dare to more an rich
原：many students are so dependent on the teachers that they lack the ability to solve practical problems
改：so dependent on the teachers are many students that they lack the ability to solve practical problems
定从：非限制性定语从句，原因状语从句
定语从句和同位语从句有什么区别？
定于从句是修饰，同位语从句是解释
This cause the white pollution to our environment.Plastic bags cannot disappear by natural decomposition. So it is very harmful
改：This cause the white pollution to our environment,which is very harmful
The grading system at our college should be abolished.The students don not like to try to get grades.The instructors don not enjoy giving grades.
改：The grading system at our college should be abolished in that neither the students nor the instructors like it.
because可以用什么来代替：
in that / for the reason that /seeing that / on the ground that / considering that
because of 可以用什么来代替：
on account for / due to / thanks for /by virtue of /in light of /be responsible for
用什么可以代替think：
单词：argue assume deem reckon maintain
短语：hold the opinion / belief point that / harbor the idea that / take the attitude that / be firmly(full) convinced that ....
句子：It is widely shared that ....
It is universally acknowledged ....
非谓语/状语从句：
原：there is an increasingly loud voice from the public which calls for firm action against pollution
改：there is an increasingly loud voice from the public ,calling for .....
时间状语从句改成：关系副词+现在分词
when a teacher passes knowledge to the students ,he is also learning.
改为：when passing knowledge to the students,a teacher is also learing
