源码来自jdk1.8

• 继承了HashMap，是Map接口的Hash table和linked list实现，所以在迭代的时候的顺序是已知的，这个顺序可以是插入的顺序，也可以设为最后访问，也就是说可以实现一个LRU cache

public class LinkedHashMap<K,V>
    extends HashMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>
{
     /**
     * The head (eldest) of the doubly linked list.
     */
    transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> head;

    /**
     * The tail (youngest) of the doubly linked list.
     */
    transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> tail;

    /**
     * The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: <tt>true</tt>
     * for access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    final boolean accessOrder;
    // ......
}

LinkedHashMap里的两个关键点，一是链表，二是accessOrder

链表

由于要维持一个双链表，所以LinkedHashMap里的节点继承了HashMap中的节点，添加了before，after两个成员变量

static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> {
        Entry<K,V> before, after;
        Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            super(hash, key, value, next);
        }
    }

LinkedHashMap重写了HashMap中的一些函数，如newNode、replacementNode、newTreeNode等，在重写的函数中添加了维持链表结构的函数，这样在添加节点等操作中能始终维持链表结构

accessOrder

如果在这是一个根据accessOrder来迭代的LinkedHashMap，那么在get和getOrDefault访问操作中还要增加更新链表结构的函数，将最近访问的节点放到链表最后

void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) { // move node to last
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last;
        if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
            LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
                (LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
            p.after = null;
            if (b == null)
                head = a;
            else
                b.after = a;
            if (a != null)
                a.before = b;
            else
                last = b;
            if (last == null)
                head = p;
            else {
                p.before = last;
                last.after = p;
            }
            tail = p;
            ++modCount;
        }
    }

但无论是插入顺序还是访问顺序，LinkedHashMap里的iterator都是通过链表实现的，类似于LinkedList。

    abstract class LinkedHashIterator {
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> next;
        LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> current;
        int expectedModCount;

        LinkedHashIterator() {
            next = head;
            expectedModCount = modCount;
            current = null;
        }

        public final boolean hasNext() {
            return next != null;
        }

        final LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> nextNode() {
            LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> e = next;
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            if (e == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            current = e;
            next = e.after;
            return e;
        }

        public final void remove() {
            Node<K,V> p = current;
            if (p == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            current = null;
            K key = p.key;
            removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, false);
            expectedModCount = modCount;
        }
    }

    final class LinkedKeyIterator extends LinkedHashIterator
        implements Iterator<K> {
        public final K next() { return nextNode().getKey(); }
    }

    final class LinkedValueIterator extends LinkedHashIterator
        implements Iterator<V> {
        public final V next() { return nextNode().value; }
    }

    final class LinkedEntryIterator extends LinkedHashIterator
        implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public final Map.Entry<K,V> next() { return nextNode(); }
    }