概述
IntentService是Service是子类,内置一个请求队列来按序处理请求(一般都为异步请求),一次只执行一个请求,全部请求执行完成后IntentService自己会自动关闭,无需我们操心。
使用方法
我们首先关心的当然是它的用法,IntentService的用法其实很简单,创建一个类去继承它就可以了:
public class DownService extends IntentService {
private static final String Tag = "DownService";
public DownService() {
super(Tag);
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.e(Tag, "onCreate");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.e(Tag, "onHandleIntent");
//主要处理逻辑写在这里
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.e(Tag, "onStartCommand");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.e(Tag, "onDestroy");
}
}
这里需要提醒一件事,那就是上面的构造方法DownService() 里面的super()需要一个String参数,但是按照Android Studio生产的构造方法:
public DownService(String name) {
super(name);
}
只要启动IntentService就会报错:
所以记得按照上面一开始的写法去处理构造方法,只要随便给个String参数就可以了。
类创建好了记得到清单文件中注册Service:
<application
.................
<service android:name=".Service.DownService" />
</application>
接下来就在DownService里面写一个下载逻辑吧,我在七牛放了一张图片,它的总字节数为1,991,650 字节:
现在就开始在DownService里下载这张图片:
public class DownService extends IntentService {
private static final String Tag = "DownService";
private static final String key = "key";
private File destFile;
private float fileLength;//文件总长度
private float downloadLength;//文件当前下载
//简单工厂
public static Intent newIntent(Context context, String url) {
Intent intent = new Intent(context, DownService.class);
intent.putExtra(key, url);
return intent;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.e(Tag, "onCreate");
// 设置文件下载后的保存路径
destFile = new File(getCacheDir() + File.separator + "Service.png");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.e(Tag, "onHandleIntent");
String url = intent.getStringExtra(key);
downFile(url);
}
private void downFile(String Url) {
HttpURLConnection mConnection = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
mConnection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(Url).openConnection();
mConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
mConnection.setConnectTimeout(Constants.CONTENT_TIMEOUT);
mConnection.setReadTimeout(Constants.READ_TIME);
int responseCode = mConnection.getResponseCode();
fileLength = mConnection.getContentLength();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
fos = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
inputStream = mConnection.getInputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
int len = -1;
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
fos.write(bytes, 0, len);
downloadLength = downloadLength + len;
Log.e(Tag, "fileLength:" + fileLength + ";downloadLength:" + downloadLength);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (mConnection != null) {
mConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.e(Tag, "onStartCommand");
if (destFile.exists()) {
destFile.delete();
}
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.e(Tag, "onDestroy");
}
}
接着申请上网权限,在Activity中启动DownService:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
................
public class IntentActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String Url = "*****";//七牛云存储的图片链接
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent);
startService(DownService.newIntent(this,Url));
}
}
就可以看到下面的打印了:
这里可以看到当下载任务执行完成后IntentService就自动关闭了,不用再操心线程回收的问题了。
刷新UI
图片下载功能是完成了,但是一般而言,我们总得让用户知道当前的下载情况吧,不然这种两眼一黑的体验,估计很少用户会喜欢的。那么,在使用IntentService下载的过程中,该怎么刷新UI?
刷新UI的方法其实还是不少的,可以用广播,可以用EventBus,也可以使用Handler。这里我选择使用Handler的方法。
首先,创建被观察者和观察者这两个类:
public class DownChanger extends Observable {
private static DownChanger mInstance;
private DownChanger() {
}
//单例
public static DownChanger getInstance() {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new DownChanger();
}
return mInstance;
}
public void setPostChange(int progress) {
//调用方法通知观察者去获取更新数据
setChanged();
notifyObservers(progress);
}
}
接着是观察者类:
public abstract class DownWatcher implements Observer {
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
if (arg instanceof Integer) {
int progress = Integer.parseInt(arg.toString());
notifyUpData(progress);
}
}
public abstract void notifyUpData(int progress);
}
这里写了一个抽象方法给Activity更新UI用的。
然后在DownService里面创建Handler对象并用DownChanger通知外层了:
public class DownService extends IntentService {
..........
//Service运行在主线程,所以这里不需要配置Looper
private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
DownChanger.getInstance().setPostChange(msg.what);
}
};
..........
private void downFile(String Url) {
..........
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage((int) (downloadLength*100/fileLength));
..........
}
最后就是在Activity中刷新UI了:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
........
private TextView tvProgress;
private DownWatcher mWatcher = new DownWatcher() {
@Override
public void notifyUpData(int progress) {
tvProgress.setText("当前下载进度:" + progress + "%");
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent);
tvProgress = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_progress);
DownChanger.getInstance().addObserver(mWatcher);
}
public void start(View view){
startService(DownService.newIntent(this, Url));
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
DownChanger.getInstance().deleteObserver(mWatcher);
}
}
这时就可以看到运行效果了: