1.Stagnation ；hallmark ；rotat
Stagnation, both political and economic, has been the hallmark of a country where little has changed for decades, even as power has rotated between the established parties of left and right.
Stagnation：停滞【economics】a situation in which a country’s economy is not growing or succeeding
•lack of activity, growth, or development:a period of economic stagnation
there is a risk of intellectual stagnation.
N-COUNT 可数名词标志;特征;特点The hallmark of something or someone is their most typical quality or feature.
【搭配模式】：usu with poss
It's a technique that has become thehallmarkof Amber Films...
这已经成为安伯电影公司的标志性技术。
The killing had thehallmarks of a professional assassination...
这起谋杀案具有职业暗杀的特征。
His designs show a love of simplicity which is very much hishallmark.
他的设计显示出对简约风格的偏爱，这正是他一贯的特点。
V-ERG 及物/不及物动词（使）轮流;（使）轮换 If people or things rotate, or if someone rotates them, they take it in turns to do a particular job or serve a particular purpose.
【语法信息】：V
【语法信息】：V n
The members of the club canrotateand one person can do all the preparation for the evening...
俱乐部的成员可以轮流工作，而且一个人就能做好晚上的所有准备工作。
They will swap posts in a year's time, according to new party rules whichrotatethe leadership.
根据轮流担任领导的新政党章程，他们在一年后会轮换职位。
2.realignment ；reverberation
The resulting realignment will have reverberations far beyond France’s borders.
N-VAR 可变名词（公司、经济或体系的）重组If a company, economy, or system goes through a realignment, it is organized or arranged in a new way.
【搭配模式】：usu Nofn
...are alignment of the existing political structure.
现存政治结构的重组
3.anguish
Further fuelling voters’ anger is their anguish at the state of France.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词（精神上的）悲痛；（身体上的）剧痛Anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain.
【STYLE标签】：WRITTEN 笔语
A cry ofanguishburst from her lips...
她突然痛苦地大叫了一声。
Mark looked at him inanguish.
马克痛苦地看着他。
4.sluggish ; vitality
Much of that gloom is economic. France’s economy has long been sluggish; its vast state, which absorbs 57% ofGDP, has sapped the country’s vitality.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词懒洋洋的;缓慢的;有气无力的You can describe something as sluggish if it moves, works, or reacts much slower than you would like or is normal.
The economy remains sluggish...
经济的发展仍然非常缓慢。
Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.
脚部的循环比手部的循环缓慢得多。
...the sluggish pace of reforms.
改革的缓慢步伐
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词活力;生命力;热情 If you say that someone or something has vitality, you mean that they have great energy and liveliness.
Without continued learning, graduates will lose their intellectualvitality...
如果不继续学习，毕业生就会失去思想上的活力。
Mr Li said China's reforms had broughtvitalityto its economy.
李先生说中国的改革给其经济注入了活力。
5.malaise ; stagnant
But the malaise goes well beyond stagnant living standards.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词(社会或群体的)痼疾Malaise is a state in which there is something wrong with a society or group, for which there does not seem to be a quick or easy solution.
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
There is no easy short-term solution to Britain's chronic economicmalaise...
短期内迅速治愈英国经济顽症的灵丹妙药并不存在。
Unification has brought soaring unemployment and socialmalaise.
统一导致失业率猛增和社会动荡不安。
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词停滞不前的;不发展的;无变化的 If something such as a business or society is stagnant, there is little activity or change.
【语用信息】：disapproval
He is seeking advice on how to revive thestagnanteconomy...
他正在就如何振兴低迷的经济征求意见。
Mass movements are often a factor in the awakening and renovation ofstagnantsocieties.
群众性运动经常是能唤醒和振兴停滞不前的社会的一个因素。
6..hare ; dash ; contradicting
Hare-like, the Trump administration is dashing from one policy to the next, sometimes contradicting itself and willing to box any rival it sees.
N-VAR 可变名词野兔A hare is an animal like a rabbit but larger with long ears, long legs, and a small tail.
Hareis the flesh of this animal eaten as food.野兔肉
VERB 动词飞奔;猛冲 If youdashsomewhere, you run or go there quickly and suddenly.
【语法信息】：V adv/prep
Suddenly shedashed down to the cellar...
她突然冲下地窖。
Shedashed in from the garden.
她从花园里猛冲进来。
VERB 动词违背;与…背道而驰 If one policy or situation contradicts another, there is a conflict between them, and they cannot both exist or be successful.
【语法信息】：V n
Mr Grant feels that the cutbackscontradictthe Government's commitment to better educational standards.
格兰特先生感觉这些缩减措施和政府提高教育水平的承诺背道而驰。
7.wont ; distill ; numerical ; mnemonics
As is their wont, state-run media have distilled the new thinking into numerical
mnemonics.
经常的;惯常的If someone is won't to do something, they often or regularly do it.
【FIELD标签】：WRITTEN 笔语
Both have committed their indiscretions, as human beings arewontto do.
两人都有失慎重，此乃人之常情。
VERB 动词精炼，浓缩（想法等）;吸收…为一部分If a thought or idea is distilled from previous thoughts, ideas, or experiences, it comes from them. If it is distilled into something, it becomes part of that thing.
【语法信息】：beV-edfromn
【语法信息】：beV-edinton
【语法信息】：V ninton
【语法信息】：V-ed
Reviews aredistilled from articles previously published in the main column...
述评是从先前刊登在主要专栏的文章中提炼出来的。
Eventually passion wasdistilled into the natural beauty of a balmy night...
最后激情融入了美丽宜人的夜色中。
Roydistills these messages into something powerful...
罗伊将这些信息提炼成一种非常有感染力的东西。
The advice is based on thedistilled wisdom of a panel of heart specialists.
该建议是在汇集提取了心脏专家小组的意见后作出的。
ADJ 形容词数值的;用数字表示的;数字的 Numerical means expressed in numbers or relating to numbers.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
Your job is to group them by letter and put them innumericalorder.
你的工作是把他们按字母顺序分组，然后按数字顺序排序。
N-COUNT 可数名词助记代号，助记口诀(指帮助记忆科学定律、拼写规则等的单词、小诗、句子等)A mnemonic is a word, short poem, or sentence that is intended to help you remember things such as scientific rules or spelling rules. For example, 'i before e, except after c' is a mnemonic to help people remember how to spell words like 'believe' and 'receive'.
【搭配模式】：oft N n
...mnemonicdevices.
助记工具
8.promptly ; disavow ; eschew
But China promptly persuaded the Philippines, which had brought the case, implicitly to disavow its legal victory, eschew its once-close ties with America and sign a deal accepting vast quantities of Chinese investment.
ADV-GRADED 副词立即；马上；及时If you do something promptly, you do it immediately.
【搭配模式】：ADV with v
Sister Francesca entered the chapel, took her seat, andpromptlyfell asleep.
弗朗西丝卡修女走进小教堂，坐下来，很快就睡着了。
VERB 动词否认;不承认;拒绝对…承担责任If you disavow something, you say that you are not connected with it or responsible for it.
【语法信息】：V n
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
Dr. Samuels immediatelydisavowed the newspaper story.
赛缪尔斯博士当即对新闻报道予以了否认。
VERB 动词躲开;躲避If you eschew something, you deliberately avoid doing it or becoming involved in it.
【语法信息】：V n
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
Although he appeared to enjoy a jet-setting life, heeschewed publicity and avoided nightclubs.
虽然他看上去好像很享受那种常乘飞机四处旅行的奢华生活，但是他不喜欢被人关注，也不去夜总会。
9..wary ; contradict
Most officials were wary of it because the term could be interpreted as China laying down the law to others, contradicting its policy of not interfering in other countries’ internal affairs.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词小心的;提防的If you are wary of something or someone, you are cautious because you do not know much about them and you believe they may be dangerous or cause problems.
【搭配模式】：usu v-link ADJ
People did not teach their children to bewaryof strangers...
过去人们不会教育孩子提防陌生人。
They were verywaryabout giving him a contract.
他们跟他签合同时非常谨慎。
VERB 动词 与…矛盾;同… 抵触If one statement or piece of evidence contradicts another, the first one makes the second one appear to be wrong.
【语法信息】：V n
Her versioncontradicted the Govern-ment's claim that they were shot after being challenged...
政府声称他们是在受到盘问后被开枪射杀的，而她的说法却与此相矛盾。
The result seems tocontradicta major U.S. study reported last November.
这一结果似乎和去年11月美国研究人员发表的一项重要成果相矛盾。
10.initiates ; sanction
It reacts to, rather than initiates, sanctions policy towards North Korea.
VERB 动词(通过仪式)接纳，使加入If someone is initiated into something such as a religion, secret society, or social group, they become a member of it by taking part in ceremonies at which they learn its special knowledge or customs.
【语法信息】：beV-edinton
【语法信息】：V ninton
【语法信息】：Also V n
In many societies, young people are formallyinitiated into their adult roles.
在很多社会里,年轻人经过正式仪式才算成年。
...the ceremony thatinitiated members into the Order.
吸收成员加入会社的仪式
N-PLURAL 复数名词(对某国的)制裁 Sanctions are measures taken by countries to restrict trade and official contact with a country that has broken international law.
【搭配模式】：oft Nagainst/onn
In 1935 the League of Nations imposedsanctions against Italy following its invasion of Ethiopia.
1935 年国际联盟在意大利入侵埃塞俄比亚之后对其实施了制裁。
He expressed his opposition to the lifting ofsanctions.
他对解除制裁表示反对。
