apache下的httpclient工具可大大简化开发过程中的点对点通信，本人将以微信多媒体接口为例，展示httpclient多媒体的上传下载，本示例基于httpclient4.5。
- 上传多媒体文件函数
/**
* HttpClient POST请求 ,上传多媒体文件
*
* @param url 请求地址
* @param filePath 多媒体文件绝对路径
* @return 多媒体文件ID
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static String postForUploadStream(String url, String filePath) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST开始-------------------------------");
log.info("POST:" + url);
log.info("filePath:" + filePath);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
log.error("post请求不合法，请检查uri参数!");
return null;
}
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
// 模拟表单上传 POST 提交主体内容
String boundary = "-----------------------------" + new Date().getTime();
// 待上传的文件
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists() || file.isDirectory()) {
log.error(filePath + ":不是一个有效的文件路径");
return null;
}
// 响应内容
String respContent = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
File tempFile = null;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
try {
// 创建临时文件，将post内容保存到该临时文件下，临时文件保存在系统默认临时目录下，使用系统默认文件名称
tempFile = File.createTempFile(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd").format(new Date()), null);
os = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
is = new FileInputStream(file);
os.write(("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
os.write(String.format(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"\r\n")
.getBytes());
os.write(String.format("Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", FileHelper.getMimeType(file)).getBytes());
// 读取上传文件
bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
byte[] buff = new byte[8096];
int len = 0;
while ((len = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {
os.write(buff, 0, len);
}
os.write(("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes());
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建POST请求
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建请求实体
FileEntity reqEntity = new FileEntity(tempFile, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
// 设置请求编码
reqEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
// 执行请求
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取响应内容
respContent = repsonse(response);
if(respContent.startsWith("code")) {
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bis != null) {
bis.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
if (httpPost != null) {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST结束-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
- 下载多媒体文件主函数
/**
* HttpClient GET请求，可接受普通文本JSON等
*
* @param uri Y 请求URL，参数封装
* @return 响应字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
public static String getForDownloadStream(String uri, String targetPath) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
log.info("GET:" + uri);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri) || StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
throw new RuntimeException(" uri or targetPath parameter is null or is empty!");
}
// 创建GET请求
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpGet = null;
String respContent = "";
try {
httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
if (statusCode == 200) {// 请求成功
// 获取响应MineType
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());
if (targetPath.contains(".")) {
targetPath = targetPath.substring(0, targetPath.lastIndexOf(".")) + "."
+ contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
} else if (targetPath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
targetPath += UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
} else {
targetPath += File.separator + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "."
+ contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
}
// 写入磁盘
respContent = FileHelper.writeFile(entity.getContent(), targetPath);
} else {
respContent = repsonse(response);
}
} else {
log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址及参数");
}
} finally {
if (httpGet != null)
httpGet.releaseConnection();
if (httpClient != null)
// noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
httpClient.close();
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
微信示例测试
-
上传
上传到微信服务器 -
下载
从微信服务器下载到本地
- 最后，附上完整的工具类
package org.os.tools;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.FileEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import java.io.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* 常用工具类：Apache HttpClient工具
*
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
* @since JDK1.6
*/
public class HttpClientHelper {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HttpClientHelper.class);
private static List<String> mineTypeList = new ArrayList<String>();
static {
mineTypeList.add("application/octet-stream");
mineTypeList.add("application/pdf");
mineTypeList.add("application/msword");
mineTypeList.add("image/png");
mineTypeList.add("image/jpg");
mineTypeList.add("image/jpeg");
mineTypeList.add("image/gif");
mineTypeList.add("image/bmp");
mineTypeList.add("audio/amr");
mineTypeList.add("audio/mp3");
mineTypeList.add("audio/aac");
mineTypeList.add("audio/wma");
mineTypeList.add("audio/wav");
mineTypeList.add("video/mpeg");
}
/***
* HttpClient GET请求，Header参数
*
* @param uri 请求地址
* @param name 参数名称
* @param value 参数值
* @return 响应字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2015年7月7日
*/
public static String getMethod(String uri, String name, String value) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
log.info("GET:" + uri);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
}
log.info("req:[" + name + "=" + value + "]");
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpGet httpGet = null;
String respContent = null;
try {
// 创建GET请求
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
httpGet.addHeader(name, value);
// 提交GET请求
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 获取响应内容
respContent = repsonse(response);
if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
}
} finally {
if (httpGet != null) {
httpGet.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
/**
* HttpClient GET请求，可接受普通文本JSON等
*
* @param uri Y 请求URL，参数封装
* @return 响应字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
public static String getMethod(String uri) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
log.info("GET:" + uri);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
}
// 创建GET请求
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpGet = null;
String respContent = "";
try {
httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
if (statusCode == 200) {// 请求成功
// 获取响应MineType
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {// 下载失败
log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());
} else {
respContent = repsonse(response);
}
} else {
log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址及参数");
}
} finally {
if (httpGet != null)
httpGet.releaseConnection();
if (httpClient != null)
// noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
httpClient.close();
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
/**
* HttpClient GET请求，可接受普通文本JSON等
*
* @param uri Y 请求URL，参数封装
* @return 响应字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
public static String getForDownloadStream(String uri, String targetPath) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
log.info("GET:" + uri);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri) || StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
throw new RuntimeException(" uri or targetPath parameter is null or is empty!");
}
// 创建GET请求
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpGet = null;
String respContent = "";
try {
httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
if (statusCode == 200) {// 请求成功
// 获取响应MineType
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());
if (targetPath.contains(".")) {
targetPath = targetPath.substring(0, targetPath.lastIndexOf(".")) + "."
+ contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
} else if (targetPath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
targetPath += UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
} else {
targetPath += File.separator + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "."
+ contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
}
// 写入磁盘
respContent = FileHelper.writeFile(entity.getContent(), targetPath);
} else {
respContent = repsonse(response);
}
} else {
log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址及参数");
}
} finally {
if (httpGet != null)
httpGet.releaseConnection();
if (httpClient != null)
// noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
httpClient.close();
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
/**
* HttpClient POST请求 ,传参方式：key-value
*
* @param uri 请求地址
* @param params 参数列表
* @return 响应字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
@SuppressWarnings("ThrowFromFinallyBlock")
public static String postMethod(String uri, List<NameValuePair> params) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST BEGIN-------------------------------");
log.info("POST:" + uri);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
}
log.info("req:" + params);
// 创建GET请求
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httpPost = null;
String respContent = null;
try {
httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
// 执行请求
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取响应内容
respContent = repsonse(response);
if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
}
} finally {
close(null, null, null, httpPost, httpClient);
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST END-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
/**
* HttpClient POST请求 ,上传多媒体文件
*
* @param url 请求地址
* @param filePath 多媒体文件绝对路径
* @return 多媒体文件ID
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static String postForUploadStream(String url, String filePath) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST开始-------------------------------");
log.info("POST:" + url);
log.info("filePath:" + filePath);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
log.error("post请求不合法，请检查uri参数!");
return null;
}
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
// 模拟表单上传 POST 提交主体内容
String boundary = "-----------------------------" + new Date().getTime();
// 待上传的文件
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists() || file.isDirectory()) {
log.error(filePath + ":不是一个有效的文件路径");
return null;
}
// 响应内容
String respContent = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
File tempFile = null;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
try {
// 创建临时文件，将post内容保存到该临时文件下，临时文件保存在系统默认临时目录下，使用系统默认文件名称
tempFile = File.createTempFile(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd").format(new Date()), null);
os = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
is = new FileInputStream(file);
os.write(("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
os.write(String.format(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"\r\n")
.getBytes());
os.write(String.format("Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", FileHelper.getMimeType(file)).getBytes());
// 读取上传文件
bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
byte[] buff = new byte[8096];
int len = 0;
while ((len = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {
os.write(buff, 0, len);
}
os.write(("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes());
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建POST请求
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建请求实体
FileEntity reqEntity = new FileEntity(tempFile, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
// 设置请求编码
reqEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
// 执行请求
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取响应内容
respContent = repsonse(response);
if(respContent.startsWith("code")) {
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bis != null) {
bis.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
if (httpPost != null) {
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST结束-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
/**
* 获取响应内容，针对MimeType为text/plan、text/json格式
*
* @param response HttpResponse对象
* @return 转为UTF-8的字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-28
*/
private static String repsonse(HttpResponse response) throws ParseException, IOException {
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 响应码
String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 请求成功
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
log.info("MineType：" + contentType.getMimeType());
content.append(EntityUtils.toString(entity, Consts.UTF_8));
} else {
content.append("code[").append(statusCode).append("],desc[").append(reasonPhrase).append("]");
}
return content.toString().replace("\r\n", "").replace("\n", "");
}
// 释放资源
private static void close(File tempFile, OutputStream os, InputStream is, HttpPost httpPost,
CloseableHttpClient httpClient) throws IOException {
if (tempFile != null && tempFile.exists() && !tempFile.delete()) {
tempFile.deleteOnExit();
}
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
if (httpPost != null) {
// 释放资源
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
}
/**
* HttpClient POST请求 ,可接受普通字符响应，也可支持下载多媒体文件
*
* @param uri Y 请求地址
* @param params Y 请求参数串，推荐使用JSON格式
* @return 响应字符串
* @author Jie
* @date 2016年4月8日
*/
public static String postMethod(String uri, String params) throws IOException {
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST BEGIN-------------------------------");
log.info("uri:" + uri);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
}
// 响应内容
InputStream is = null;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
String respContent = "";
try {
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建POST请求
httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
// 执行请求
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取响应信息
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();
String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 响应信息
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 请求成功
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
log.info("MineType ：" + contentType.getMimeType());
respContent = StreamHelper.read(entity.getContent());
} else {
// 获取响应内容
respContent = repsonse(response);
if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查URL地址和请求参数...");
}
}
} else {
log.error("code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
throw new RuntimeException("请求失败，请检查请求地址或请求参数");
}
} finally {
// noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
close(null, null, is, httpPost, httpClient);
}
log.info("resp：" + respContent);
log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST END-------------------------------");
return respContent;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = String.format("asdlkfajfk%naskdfjdlksaf");
System.out.println(s);
}
}
- 写入文件函数
/**
* 写入文件到目标磁盘中
*
* @param in 文件输入流
* @param targetPath 文件存放目标绝对路径(包含文件)
* @return
* @author Jie
* @throws Exception
* @date 2015-2-12
*/
public static String writeFile(InputStream in, String targetPath) throws IOException {
if (in == null) {
log.error("The InputStream is null");
return "未能获取到输入流";
}
if (StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
log.error("The targetPath is null");
return "文件保存路径不可为空";
}
OutputStream os = null;
try {
File file = new File(targetPath);
if (file.isDirectory()) {
return "保存的文件应是一个文件，而非一个目录";
}
os = new FileOutputStream(file);
int len = 0;
byte[] ch = new byte[1024];
while ((len = in.read(ch)) != -1) {
os.write(ch, 0, len);
}
log.info("File save success : " + file.getAbsolutePath());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "保存文件到磁盘异常：" + e.getMessage();
} finally {
close(os, null);
}
return "成功";
}
- 获取文件MineType
/**
* 获文件类型
* @param file 目标文件
* @return MimeType
* @author Jie
* @date 2015-2-28
*/
public static String getMimeType(File file) {
return new MimetypesFileTypeMap().getContentType(file);
}
