目录 · · · · · ·
序 这本书是讲什么的？
致谢
第一章 也许你能看到自己的影子
科学家是干什么的？――技能取向VS科研课题取向
时间就是生命
了解自己：不要错失好的工作机会
拥有博士学位的技术员
制度化的冲突
让父母高兴：到底是舞出谁的人生？
寻找良师
第二章 来自一个“老古董”的建议？
你会不会期待一个卓越的导师，他的出现让科学界看起来从此不同？
第三章 重要的选择：论文导师和博士后岗位
选一位杰出科学家做论文导师
选择博士后职位
第四章 学术报告
科学家当主持人
引言
演讲技巧
不要挑战观众的耐心
技术因素
小结
补充读物
第五章 论文写作：不发表就完蛋
时机把握
写出具有说服力的文章
生动活泼的文章
评审人
补充读物
第六章 从初出茅庐到获得终身职位：职业道路的选择
学术职位的利与弊
企业和政府研究岗位
收入的问题
补充读物
第七章 求职面试
求职切勿浅尝辄止
老板们的看法
记住，你是如何步入卡内基音乐厅的
对工作邀请的答复
第八章 申请经费
经费申请书应该怎么写？
第九章 制定研究方案
时间就是一切
及时性与重要性
技术导向与问题导向的比较
战略性的思路
建立自己的声望
有风险的职业
第十章 科研生存小贴士
襟翼放下前，不要尝试起飞。
后记 经验是最好的导师（只要经验不是致命的错误）
行为主义者向职业成功的攀登
· · · · · · (收起)
序 这本书是讲什么的
致谢
第1章 你在这幅画中看到自己吗?
一组非故事性的短文，展示年轻科学家在自己的研究生涯中过着不必要的苦恼生活，或在打造自己时遭遇挫折的一些情形。
科学家是干什么的?——技术取向还是课题取向?
时间就是一切
了解你自己:一个甜蜜的职位会变酸
博士技师
同室操戈
取悦父母:究竟为谁而活?
找一个咨询师
第2章 重要抉择:论文导师和博士后岗位
要考虑什么:年轻导师与资深导师孰佳，超级明星抑或熟练短工，小型研究组与“科研工厂”的比较，了解和关注你做博士后的利益。
一位杰出科学家做论文导师
博士后职位的挑选
第3章 做学术报告
做有准备的报告，使人们想聘用和留用你，也使你所展示的信息易于吸收
科学家充当演出主持人
前言
讲坛技巧
不要试图考验他们的耐性
技术方面
小结
补充读物
第4章 写论文:要么发表要么完蛋
撰写好的论文为什么重要，什么时候写，怎样把读者吸引住，如何使你的成果吸引眼球。
时机掌握
撰写无可挑剔的论文
活泼流畅的论文
论文评审人
补充读物
第5章 从初出茅庐到终身职位:选择职业道路
科研院所、工业和政府实验室就业优点的实事求是的比较。
学术职位的得与失
工业与政府研究岗位
钱
补充读物
第6章 应聘面试
在你求职面试之旅中会遇到什么，哪些问题应作好回答的准备。
浅尝辄止者戒
用人单位的观点
记住，你是怎样到达卡内基音乐厅的
回应职务聘请
第7章 弄经费
好的经费申请书中应写些什么，怎样写，何时写。
你的申请书应该写什么
第8章 制定研究方案
按照自己的能力和所处的人生阶段，调整你的研究工作，例如，当你得到两年期的博士后岗位时，为什么不宜动手做五年期计划的工作。
时间就是一切
技术导向与课题导向的比较
策略考虑
为自己树名
有风险的职业
跋 经验是最好的老师（只要不是惨痛的经验）
一名行为主义者向职业成功的攀登。
Experience is the best teacher (but only when the experience isn't fatal.
It should be obvious that the problem with waiting for experience to dictate appropriate behaviors is that one is very likely to fail as a result of the bad experiences that are supposed to produce the appropriate feelings.
The result the author had hoped for in writing this book is that you will become more reflective about your career and will act in a way that is appropriate to being successful and productive
No matter how well you do what the book had told you, you will certainly still experience difficult times, have regrets about some of your choices, and possibly fail anyway. Nevertheless, your chances for having a scientific career will be greatly improved.
From my perspective, It is far better to learn from the bad eperiences of others than from your own.
This book is all about the bad experience you can learn from to avoid the " fatal experience"
I wish you every success：）
二
说实话，这书和我关系不大。因为自己从来没想过自己能读到Phd，更何况作者认为，phd还不够了。这里的不够有两层意思：1. 读到Phd并不能给了一个完美的学术生涯 2. 对于搞科研和以后在学术界混，PHD是必须的，但是还不够。
之后就是作者的一些指导和建议，他认为科研，学术和生活，社交，和financial well-being是可以实现平衡的，你并不一定要忙得要命，或者很穷，或者像个呆子那样整天做实验。The focus is on strategic thinking。
没错，一切的关键在于战略性思考。这也是贯穿全书的一个分析问题的思考过程。每一步都需要深思熟虑，做好明确的规划，同时考虑时机的把握，长期目标和短期目标的平衡，不要理想主义，要现实，别犯傻，不想没饭吃，就要平衡自己理想和屁股位置的关系。
三
这书不会教你怎样去拿Nobel prices（作者也想有人教他！），但是会让你对于如何在学术界混得不错会很有帮助。而其中很多的一些准则和技巧，对于职场，我想也一样适用。书上的思考和分析过程，很值得借鉴。
最后作者说，经验是最好的老师。但是有些错误是致命的。It is far better to learn from the bad eqeriences of others than from your own
有这么一句话，聪明人从犯错中学习。智者，从别人的错误中学习。
希望这本书，能让你学习到别人的失败经验，以后，自己不至于撞得头破血流，过一把成为智者的瘾：）
2011.3.20
By Hammer
Readingnote:
我的笔记好长，花了自己很多时间，也不知道有没人看，呵。但是有一个好处，就是我把这书所有想知道的东西都整理好，我以后都不用再看这本书了：）
1.导师“懒”真的伤不起。会误导很多学生
Many professional scientists believe that "good" students find their way on their own, while the remainder cannot be helped. This justifies neglect, and perhaps not incidentally, reduces work load
2.一离开学校，就要争分夺秒了！
Once you leave graduate school, the clock isTicking
3.找一个有经验的前辈咨询有必要的。不要害怕。每个人都喜欢给忠告
The best preparation you can make toward the goal of having a entific career is to find yourself a "research aunt or uncle,"someone with little or no authority over you, who hasenough experience to act as a sounding board and giver of accurate advice. Do not be shy about getting to know people outside your advisor's realm. The scientists at your lab will very likely cherish the human contact. They spend lots of time behind the closed doors of lab and office, and everybody likes to give advice.
4.没时间给你浪费，不想shi就做好准备
You have little time to waste, because it will not be long after you begin your postdoctoral work that you will be
back on the job market.
The clock starts ticking when you get to your new location.
Whatever you do before you leave the nest of graduate school doesn't count, for all practical purposes
5,找工作的原则
Once you do take a postdoctoral position, the keys to success are 1) Finish something, and 2) make yourself known and useful.Finishingprojects and having a story to tell are essential
6.不要追求完美主义，现实点。能做多点就多点。简历好看。以后找工作也容易。
As a postdoc, under time pressure, you may have to sacrifice your desire for perfection, you may have to live with the fear that you haven't got everyhmg just right, in order to develop a story that you can use to sell yourself. This is not cynicism but realism, and is worth remembering you’re your entire career.
7.努力工作，没时间给你浪费！
Above all, during your postdoc years, work hard! You
have only a short time to prove yourself. Do not slough off
now. There is no time to waste. Your postdoctoral years
represent the most intensely important period in determining
whether you will have a career.
8.面试准则，换位思考，说服人，你是有价值的。学术报告也是要源于这个原则，也是一个展现你自己的一个机会。
On a job interview trip, your task is to persuade a significant fraction of the professionals who see you that they would be excited to have you as a colleague. The seminar that you present is your best opportunity to convey the message that you are the person to hire. The same applies when you report on your progress after a year or two in a new position. The colleagues who know you best may already think very highly of you. But they have only a few "votes." By giving a good seminar you can add to the base of support that you will need to be kept on or promoted. Finally, remember that few professional scientists have much time for reading. The way that they learn of new and interesting work, nowadays, is by going to meetings and listening to seminars. If you present your work well in
these venues you will be much better able to attract a following. Having a following is an excellent form of job security.
9.永远不要高估你的观众。你要讲一些对他们重要的东西，并且不用介意你讲的他们已经知道，因为这会让他们感觉良好
A fundamental principle, in preparing a talk, is never overestimate your audience They want you to say
what is important in the area of interest, particularly if
what is important happens to be their own work! They
don't mind hearing things they already understand-it
makes folks feel good to understand something.
10.学术报告的准则：(也适用于其他演讲）
1. Your seminar is a performance. It needs to be carefully
planned and thoroughly rehearsed.
2. Present yourself confidently. Act as though you have
enjoyed doing your research and that your results are exciting
to you.
3. Respect your audience. They are spending an hour to
hear you. They want to understand what you have to say,
even if your specialty is not theirs. They do not want to be
"snowed," nor do they want to be treated as "experts" in a
field where they really are not.
4. Do not waste your time with filler. Make sure each
slide pushes your story forward. If your talk is a bit too
short, no one will object.
5. Make your visual aids pleasing to the eye without too
much of a Madison Avenue look.
Thanks for your attention!
11.刚开始的时候，你真的各种苦逼，所以接下来，你一定要让自己得到尽可能多的认可，展现自己的实力
As a beginning scientist, not only are your hours long and your pay low, but your job security is anything but assured. To succeed, you
must make your talents well known and widely appreciated.
12.写作很重要。别啰嗦。别装逼。用简洁直接的语言。（几乎所有教写作的书都这么说的了）
it is all too easy to write an accurate description of your work that attracts no attention and that adds little to your scientific
reputation, even when your results are significant. Learning
to write articles that people will read and remember will make you a more effective scientist. It will also enhance your chances for survival as a researcher.
This is important, not only to provide your readers with a way of understanding your area of research, but also because your scientific colleagues are very eager to get credit for their
achievements. (This is not just vanity. Scientists' careers are built on the perceived importance or usefulness of their search results.) You have much to gain and little to lose by scrupulously citing your competitors' work
Journals seemed to require writing papers in the passive mood, as in "the data were obtained using the following novel method" rather than "I developed the following novel method to obtain the data." More recently, it has become possible to drop the phoniness of this style and to reveal in your papers that you actually did the work that
you are reporting. I greatly prefer the more straightforward style and recommend that you use it.
13.老兄，现实点。别太理想主义。你理想再崇高，你还是要吃饭。你也想有时间陪陪家人，溜溜狗，和朋友吃一顿，度度假，有时间看本小说吧？
As a scientist, your goals are to make exciting discoveries,
to change the way your colleagues and maybe even the
public-at-large view the world, and generally to improve
people's lives. However, need I remind you, you will remain
a human being, with human needs, even while you
are pushing back the frontiers of ignorance. No matter
how romantically you view your role in research, you will
not be happy without a secure, well-paid job. You will
want help in accomplishing your research goals and recognition
for your achievements. You will probably want to see your family on a regular basis, and more generally, to have enough free time to engage in activities outside your
professional life.
Economic conditions may limit your choices, but if you
are fortunate enough to have more than one job possibility,
this exercise will save you considerable stress. It may
have a significant effect on your financial well-being. It
may save your marriage. I harbor a secret hope: If enough
of you start to act rationally, the system may eventually be
rationalized
14.这个也很现实。不是打击你，你要想想5年后，当你同学和朋友，工资，职位，甚至可支配的时间都远远超过你，你还是那个熊样，你那时就只能酸葡萄：我的工作比他们快乐。。。
There are pleasures to working as an assistant professor.
Teaching and interacting with students can be exciting.
The university environment is in itself very stimulating.
There are certainly more hn& of people with more &-
verse interests than in any industrial lab. You do get respect
from the community. On the other hand, the price of
being an assistant professor is much too high. The hours
are long, the pay is terrible, and the job security is bad. After
your years of study for a Ph.D. and further years as a
postdoctoral apprentice, you will probably be about thirty
years old. You'll probably be starting a family. Your former
colleagues who went to engineering or business school
will be making their way in the world, earning good salaries,
and having time to participate in activities outside
their jobs
15.去大的实验室的好处，可能也是去大公司的好处。好，毕业后我要去大公司！^_^
Obviously, if you work in a managed lab, you need to have some feeling that you will not be subject to a tooheavy hand. A bigger lab, for example, will provide you more freedom to correct a bad situation than a smaller one. At a large lab, if you just can't get along with your supervisor, there may be several other groups who would be happy to benefit from your wisdom and whose supervisors
would be easier to deal with. As your reputation grows, of course, your management will look to you for new ideas and will be less likely to suggest that you change directions. In a sense, this is another aspect of the reward system in a managed environment. The more credibly you play the role of a scientific leader, the more freedom you will have to follow your own research ideas. This
is a real incentive, I can assure you.
Circumstances, economic, family, or other, may prevent
you from following the optimal career trajectory. But at
least I hope you will now go into the job market with a
clear idea of how you would like to arrange your career
and why.
16.面试前做好准备总是好的。面试后的问问题环节其实是你展示你自己和给人留下印象的一个机会，好好把握吧。
The best preparation for a job interview, just as in the
case of exams in school, is to work out in advance what
questions are likely to be asked and to have answers for
them.
Few days after your personal interviews are done and
you have gone home, staffers that you visited will be trying
to remember what you said in order to write up impressions
of your performance. If you were able to ask intelligent and pointed questions about various staff members' work, and to explain how your research will complement their own, their memories will be excellent, and it will be easy for them to write glowing reviews. If you
hadn't a clue what is going on in their labs, and expressed no understanding of how your work might help them achieve their goals, their memories will need refreshing, or perhaps they will be wondering whether you have the desire and/or the ability to make a serious contribution.
Whatever thinking you have done in advance and written preparation you have made will lighten your burdens and may keep you out of the panic mode.
17.在收到几个offer之后，选择的原则是，一切是你自己为中心！！拒绝的时候，不需要有内疚感，别拿自己的幸福开玩笑！
It is not infrequent that an institution offering you a position
will want an acceptance or rejection within some
time limit, for example so that it can make a timely offer,
or send a rejection letter to a runner-up for the job. This
may put you under considerable pressure, if other places
where you have interviewed are moving too slowly. If you
are not prepared to answer yes or no as a deadline approaches,
you should ask for more time. If the extra time is
not accorded, in deciding how to respond you should
keep in mind that it is your life and your happiness that
are paramount. If you are unwilling to let go of offer number
one while waiting to hear from institution number two,
it might be reasonable to accept the first offer. If the later
offer is better, you can take it and apologize to the first offerers
for changing your decision to accept. You will not
make friends by withdrawing your acceptance, and breaking
a promise is certainly not something you should do
lightly or often. Nevertheless, your life comes first. If an institution
"plays rough" by pressuring you for a decision, it
should be prepared to accept the fruits of its tactics. It has
probably experienced such consequences before.
18.如果不是不必要，谦虚一点总是好的
Without being unnecessarily modest, understatement is likely to win you more respect than overstatement of your possibilities
19、全书重点，战略性思考。长期目标和短期目标的平衡。有些人就是喜欢看数字，看证书，你迎合他们其实并不是坏事，可能会给你机会。你也可以继续做自己的长期目标。关键在于时机的把握，和知道什么时候做什么重要。
There are several strategies for establishing a record of accomplishment that will help make you more salable or will enhance your chances of winning promotion to a "continuing" scientific job. The most obvious is to aim at an important long-term goal by planning your work as a sequence of short-term projects
If you have pub- lished twice as many articles, this "objective measure" of their impact will be roughly twice as great. You may find this idea crass. I do. But it is safe to assume that there will be bean-counters among those who determine your fu- ture, and it certainly does you no harm to please them.
20. 追随潮流之前的思考
Before moving into a fashionable field, you must ask yourself whether you have a realistic chance of emerging from the mob as someone who has made an important advance. If the problem is solved and this hot area is the only one you know well, how long will it take you to establish yourself in another one? Are your ideas sufficiently different from others' that you can hope to beat the competition to the answer?
A less risky course is to try to lead rather than to follow fashion. This mode is not for everyone-but my style is to select a problem of obvious importance, one that is recog- nized as difficult because its solution will involve a great deal of work. By investing my labor in such a problem, I stake it out as mine. My peers have no trouble distinguish- ing my contributions from those of others working in the same area. I have few if any competitors. No one wants to work so hard
关于这段很大启发，
亚马逊创始人杰夫贝佐斯说过，
追随潮流是很难的，更好的方式是投身于自己真正热爱的事业当中，然后等待。等待潮流来追随你。
找到自己真正热爱的东西，然后为之奋斗一辈子，这是多么幸运并且幸福的事：）
