阅读提示:
系列文章都是基于新概念2的来玩的。
阅读本系列文章的唯一前提是:有初中英语词汇量
——好吧,能用字典工具就行。
1.
不要管你想说的句子有多复杂,你只需要知道英语中再复杂的句子都是由简单句凑成的。
那什么叫做简单句呢?
在口语语法学习中,我们给它一个简单到不能更简单的定义:
只有一个动词的句子就是简单句。
得简单句得天下。
我们来看第一篇课文。
2.
A private conversation 私人谈话
Last week I went to the theatre.
I had a very good seat.
The play was very interesting.
I did not enjoy it.
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.
They were talking loudly.
I got very angry.
I could not hear the actors.
I turned round.
I looked at the man andthe woman angrily.
They did not pay any attention.
In the end, I could not bear it.
I turned round again.
'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.
'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'
3.
我知道你没耐心看,所以我随便从里面挑2个句子:
The play was very interesting.
I turned round.
上面两个句子其实代表了简单句的唯一的两种类型:
- 主系表: 主语(The play) + 系动词(was) + 表语(very interesting.)
- 主实:主语(I) + 实意动词(turned round)
等下!什么叫系动词?什么叫实意动词?
① am/is/are/was/were就是系动词;
然后能被am/is/are/was/were代替的也是。
比如:I got very angry.
这里的got就可以换成:I was very angry.
我们看看这个句子:I had a very good seat.
这里的had就没法被am/is/are/was/were,不然就变成了我是一把好座位了。
所以这里这个句子就是主实。
②实意动词就是,有实际动作的动词。(对,就是这么直白)
比如:
I turned round again——这里的turn就是实意动词;
I can't hear a word!——这里的hear 就是实意动词;
3.
搞清楚了实意动词和系统词,英语语法剩下的就简单啦!
有实意动词的句子,就是:主实
有系动词的句子,就是:主系表
上面这张图里有一个最重要的概念:
不管哪个句子,一个简单句只能有一个动词。
- I am like her. (把 am 这个多余的系动词去掉)
- Read books makes me happy.
出现两个动词的时候,我们就可以把这两个实义动词分别变成两个简单句!
I read books and it makes me happy.
4.
好啦,这时候你再回头看我们开头的新概念2的第一课文章,哪些是主实句,哪些是主系表,是不是都能分辨出来啦?
Last week I went to the theatre.
went 就是go的过去式嘛,所以这是一个主实;I had a very good seat.
had没法被am/is/are/was/were替换,所以这是一个主实;The play was very interesting.
was---不用想了,主系表。I did not enjoy it.
did是实义动词的好基友助动词,帮助实义动词表示更丰富的意义。
这句用助动词did的否定形式,加上原有的enjoy表否定。
学们注意不要把did当成系动词,否则一个句子就有两个动词了。
5.
文章里有一个小麻烦出现:
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.
“A young man and a young woman”这是主语,were sitting
——等下!怎么会出现两个动词?!
这就尴尬了,一个系动词+一个实意动词?
好吧,我提前告诉你,这是were sitting 是were + 实意动词的Ing 形式表示过去进行时。
were在这里也做助动词,配合实义动词构成了时态。
所以,
——这个句子还是主实。
你菊花一紧,什么是过去进行时?!
先不管它,我们后面讲时态的时候,再回来灭它。They were talking loudly.
这句话也是过去进行时,先不管它,后面再讲。
7.
后面的句子我就不一个一个告诉你答案了,不如你自己试试看?
- I got very angry.
- I could not hear the actors.
- I turned round.
- I looked at the man andthe woman angrily.
- They did not pay any attention.
- In the end, I could not bear it.
- I turned round again.
- 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.
- 'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'
8.
好,小结一下。
我们今天学到了简单的两种句型:
- 主系表
- 主实
我们也学习了区分这两种句子的关键在于寻找系动词和实意动词。
我们知道了英语语法中的最基本的理论:一个简单句只能有一个动词。
恩,怎么样?
现在再看新概念的内容是不是心里有底一些啦?!
学会识别句子的类型是第一步,明天我们学习如何用主系表和主实两种句子结构,自己造句子好不好?!
明天见!
本文基于小C老师的课程改写,本文内容经过小C老师修订。
我是彭小六,我是英语学渣。
这个世界曾经拯救了我的,我会用它去拯救全世界。