在CentOS中默认安装有MariaDB,这个是MySQL的分支,但为了需要,还是要在系统中安装MySQL,而且安装完成之后可以直接覆盖掉MariaDB。
1 下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
使用上面的命令就直接下载了安装用的Yum Repository,大概25KB的样子,然后就可以直接yum安装了。
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
之后就开始安装MySQL服务器。
yum -y install mysql-community-server
这步可能会花些时间,安装完成后就会覆盖掉之前的mariadb。
至此MySQL就安装完成了,然后是对MySQL的一些设置。
2 MySQL数据库设置
首先启动MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
查看MySQL运行状态,运行状态如图:
systemctl status mysqld.service
此时MySQL已经开始正常运行,不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码,通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码:
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
如下命令进入数据库:
mysql -u root -p
输入初始密码,此时不能做任何事情,因为MySQL默认必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库:
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
这里有个问题,新密码设置的时候如果设置的过于简单会报错:
原因是因为MySQL有密码设置的规范,具体是与validate_password_policy的值有关:
MySQL完整的初始密码规则可以通过如下命令查看:
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
密码的长度是由validate_password_length决定的,而validate_password_length的计算公式是:
validate_password_length = validate_password_number_count +validate_password_special_char_count + (2* validate_password_mixed_case_count)
我的是已经修改过的,初始情况下第一个的值是ON,validate_password_length是8。可以通过如下命令修改:
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
设置之后就是我上面查出来的那几个值了,此时密码就可以设置的很简单,例如1234之类的。到此数据库的密码设置就完成了。
但此时还有一个问题,就是因为安装了Yum Repository,以后每次yum操作都会自动更新,需要把这个卸载掉:
[root@localhost ~]#yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
此时才算真的完成了。
mysql允许外部链接
mysql -u root -p
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>select 'host' from user where user='root';
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>select 'host' from user where user='root';
第一句是以权限用户root登录
第二句:选择mysql库
第三句:查看mysql库中的user表的host值(即可进行连接访问的主机/IP名称)
第四句:修改host值(以通配符%的内容增加主机/IP地址),当然也可以直接增加IP地址
第五句:刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表
第六句:再重新查看user表时,有修改。。
重起mysql服务即可完成。
打开mysql配置文件vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
将bind-address = 127.0.0.1注销
bind-address = 0.0.0.0 # 表示允许任何主机登陆MySQL
port=3306 # 表示MySQL运行端口为3306
2、支持root用户允许远程连接mysql数据库
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
flush privileges;
/etc/init.d/mysql start
5.6 5.7 密码及权限设置
mysql5.6
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by "mysql_pwd" with grant option;
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by "mysql_pwd" with grant option;
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'127.0.0.1' identified by "mysql_pwd" with grant option;
drop database if exists test;
use mysql;
delete from user where not (user='root');
delete from db where user='';
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('mysql_pwd') WHERE user='root' AND host='127.0.0.1' OR host='%' OR host='localhost';
delete from user where password='';
flush privileges;
select user,password,host from mysql.user;
exit;
mysql5.7:
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by "mysql_pwd" with grant option;
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by "mysql_pwd" with grant option;
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'127.0.0.1' identified by "mysql_pwd" with grant option;
drop database if exists test;
use mysql;
delete from user where not (user='root');
delete from db where user='';
delete from user where authentication_string='';
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('mysql_pwd') where user='root' AND host='127.0.0.1' OR host='%' OR host='localhost';
flush privileges;
select user,authentication_string,host from mysql.user;
exit;