Espresso是个功能强大、执行速度很快的Android自动化测试框架，但是它有一个重要的局限-你只可以在被测App的Context中操作。
意味着下列App自动化测试需求无法实现：
- 应用的推送消息
- 同步联系人
- 从另一个应用程序进入被测App
因为你要处理移动设备的其他应用程序，比如通知栏、联系人等。
事实上，UIAutomator 2.0发布后可以实现上述功能。如Android Developers blog post所说“最重要的是，UIAutomator现在已经基于Android Instrumentation...”，因此，使用Instrumentation test runner既可以运行UIAutomator，也可以运行Espresso。
另外，我们可以将UIAutomator和Espresso测试结合起来，可以更加得心应手的处理被测应用和电话之间的交互。
下面的例子，我将解释如何使用这种方法来自动化测试App的联系人同步功能。
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObject;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class TestContactsSync {
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule(LoginActivity.class);
UiDevice mDevice;
String PEOPLE_APP = "People";
String MY_APP = "XING";
String userContactName = "Android Tester";
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception{
super.setUp();
mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
}
@Test
public void testContactsSync() throws Exception {
// Espresso code: login the user, navigate to contact sync and enable clicking on toggle
logInUser();
onView(withText(R.string.sync_button)).perform(click());
onView(withId(R.id.contacts_sync_enable_toggle)).perform(click());
// UIAutomator code: navigate to People app
mDevice.pressHome();
UiObject conutactsApp = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text(PEOPLE_APP));
conutactsApp.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
// UIAutomator code: check that contact is present in it after sync was triggered
UiObject contactName = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text(userContactName));
assertTrue(contactName.exists());
// UIAutomator code: navigate back to my app under testm
Device.pressHome();
UiObject myApp = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text(MY_APP));
myApp.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
// Espresso code: turn off contact sync and logout
onView(withId(R.id.contacts_sync_enable_toggle)).perform(click());
onView(withId(R.id.logout)).perform(click());
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
}
是不是很完美？UIAutomator需要Android 4.3（API Level 18）及更高版本。稍微修改下build.gradle文件即可-添加productFlavors和声明uiautomator依赖。
productFlavors {
// The actual application flavor
production {
minSdkVersion 14
}
// Test application flavor for uiautomatior tests
test {
minSdkVersion 18
}
}
dependencies {
// Instrumentation tests
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.2'
// Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.0.0'
}
祝你好运:)
