SpringMvc框架使用

• 导包
• 配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

     <!--扫描@Controler @Service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.fmt.springmvc"></context:component-scan>


    <!--<!–处理器映射器–>-->
    <!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean>-->

    <!--<!–处理器引射器–>-->
    <!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"></bean>-->

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!--注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

配置springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

     <!--扫描@Controler @Service-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.fmt.springmvc"></context:component-scan>


    <!--<!–处理器映射器–>-->
    <!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean>-->

    <!--<!–处理器引射器–>-->
    <!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"></bean>-->
    
    
    <!--注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

实现一个Controller

@Controller
public class ItemController {


        @RequestMapping(value = "/item/itemlist.action",method = {RequestMethod.POST,RequestMethod.GET})
    public ModelAndView itemList(){
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
        //mav.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemList.jsp");
        //配置了视图解析器后
        mav.setViewName("itemList");
        return mav;
    }
}

访问http://localhost:8080/item/itemlist.action

参数绑定

//直接方法上写提交上来的参数名字可以直接获得
  @RequestMapping(value = "/item/paramer.action")
    public ModelAndView getParamer(@RequestParam(value = "age",required = false,defaultValue = "1") int age,Integer id, String name){
        System.out.println(id);
        System.out.println(name);
        List<Items> itemselect = itemService.getItemselect();
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("itemList");
        return mav;
    }

对象绑定

@RequestMapping(value = "/item/user.action")
    public ModelAndView getUser(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("itemList");
        return mav;
    }

//http://localhost:8080/item/user.action?age=12&name=xiaohon(自动封装一个User)

在类上处理映射

@RequestMapping(value = "/item")
public class ItemController {
//多个url映射到同一个方法上
@RequestMapping(value ={ "/paramer.action"," "/paramexxxr.action""})
    public ModelAndView getParamer（）{
        
    }
}

自定义参数绑定

如果提交了一个date为2017:12-02 15_22-22，springmvc没办法把字符串转换成日期类型。所以需要自定义参数绑定。

   @RequestMapping(value = "/item/user.action")
    public ModelAndView getUser(User user,Date date){
        System.out.println(user);
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("itemList");
        return mav;
    }

public class DateConver implements Converter<String,Date>{

    @Override
    public Date convert(String s) {
        try {
            if (null!=s){
                DateFormat format=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy:MM-dd HH_mm-ss");
                return format.parse(s);
            }
        }catch (Exception e){

        }
        return null;
    }
}

<!--注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="formattingConversionService"/>
     <!--配置Conveter转换器 转换日期-->
    <bean id="formattingConversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
        <!--配置多个转换器-->
        <property name="converters">
            <set>
                <bean class="com.fmt.springmvc.conver.DateConver"></bean>
            </set>
        </property>
    </bean>

PathVariable

@RequestMapping(value ="/itemEdit/{id}.action")
    public void test(@PathVariable Integer id){
}

Controller的返回

• ModelAndView
• String

public String testController(Model model){

//return "forward:path";//path代表转发的地址
return "redirect:path";//path代表重定向的地址

}

• Void（返回这种结果的时候可以在Controller方法的形参中定义HTTPServletRequest和HTTPServletResponse对象进行请求的接收和响应)

异常处理器

当发生异常了，捕获到异常信息

public class CustomExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                         javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
                                         Object o,
                                         Exception e) {
//        发生异常的地方sevice 方法
        //可以记录到日志
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("error","发生错误");
        modelAndView.setViewName("error");

        return modelAndView;
    }
}

在springmvc.xml中注册

   <!--SpringMvc的异常处理器-->
    <bean class="com.fmt.springmvc.exception.CustomExceptionResolver"/>

访问进入异常界面，在上方能捕获到

@RequestMapping(value = "/item/itemlist.action",method = {RequestMethod.POST,RequestMethod.GET})
    public ModelAndView itemList(){
        List<Items> itemselect = itemService.getItemselect();
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("itemList");
        int i=1/0;
        return mav;
    }

图片上传

  @RequestMapping(value = "update.action")
    public void file(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        file.transferTo(new File("D:\\"));
    }

在springmvc中配置

 <!--上传图片的实现类-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <!--上传图片的大小 单位是B-->
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="500000"/>
    </bean>

json交互

客户端提交json数据，服务器返回json数据

 @RequestMapping(value = "/json.action")
    @ResponseBody
    //客户端提交json数据，自动解析成User
    public User json(@RequestBody  User user){
         return user;
    }

如果提示415错误的话参考下面文章
http://blog.csdn.net/tiantiandjava/article/details/46125141

拦截器

springmvc.xml配置

   <!--SpringMvc的拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <!--多个拦截器-->
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--/aaa/bbb-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--自定义拦截器类-->
            <bean class="com.fmt.springmvc.interceptor.interceptor1"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--/aaa/bbb-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--自定义拦截器类-->
            <bean class="com.fmt.springmvc.interceptor.interceptor2"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

public class interceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("方法前1");
        //是否拦截
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("方法后1");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("页面渲染后1");
    }
}

SpringMvc 流程

这里写图片描述

架构流程

⦁ 用户发送请求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet
⦁ DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器。
⦁ 处理器映射器根据请求url找到具体的处理器，生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。
⦁ DispatcherServlet通过HandlerAdapter处理器适配器调用处理器
⦁ 执行处理器(Controller，也叫后端控制器)。
⦁ Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView
⦁ HandlerAdapter将controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet
⦁ DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器
⦁ ViewReslover解析后返回具体View
⦁ DispatcherServlet对View进行渲染视图（即将模型数据填充至视图中）。
⦁ DispatcherServlet响应用户

处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器称为springmvc的三大组件。

整合mybatis

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">


    <!-- Spring监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

  <!-- 处理POST提交乱码问题 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  

    <!--前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <!--默认找/WEB-INF/[servlet的名称]-servlet.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <!--
          1./*拦截所有jsp js png .css全拦截 建议不适用
          2.*.action *.do 以do action结尾的请求 肯定能使用
          3./ 拦截所有(不包括jsp)（包含 .js .png .css）强烈建议使用
        -->
        <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

springmvc与struts2不同

⦁ springmvc的入口是一个servlet即前端控制器，而struts2入口是一个filter过滤器。
⦁ springmvc是基于方法开发(一个url对应一个方法)，请求参数传递到方法的形参，可以设计为单例或多例(建议单例)，struts2是基于类开发，传递参数是通过类的属性，只能设计为多例。
⦁ Struts采用值栈存储请求和响应的数据，通过OGNL存取数据， springmvc通过参数解析器是将request请求内容解析，并给方法形参赋值，将数据和视图封装成ModelAndView对象，最后又将ModelAndView中的模型数据通过request域传输到页面。Jsp视图解析器默认使用jstl。

SSM整合

配置sqlMapConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <!--别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.fmt.ssm.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

</configuration>

配置applicationContext-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

    <!-- 配置 读取properties文件 jdbc.properties -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />



    <!-- 配置 数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 设置MyBatis核心配置文件 -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/sqlMapConfig.xml" />
        <!-- 设置数据源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置Mapper扫描 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 设置Mapper扫描包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.fmt.ssm.map" />
    </bean>




</beans>

配置applicationContext-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

    <!-- 配置Service扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.fmt.ssm.service" />
</beans>

配置SpringMvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 配置Controller扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.fmt.ssm.controller" />
    
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:resource.properties" />
    
    <!-- 配置注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
    <!-- 对静态资源放行  -->
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/fonts/" mapping="/fonts/**"/>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>
    

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>ssm</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>


    <!-- 配置spring -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- 配置监听器加载spring -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>


    <!-- 配置过滤器，解决post的乱码问题 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ssm</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 配置springmvc什么时候启动，参数必须为整数 -->
        <!-- 如果为0或者大于0，则springMVC随着容器启动而启动 -->
        <!-- 如果小于0，则在第一次请求进来的时候启动 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ssm</servlet-name>
        <!-- 所有的请求都进入springMVC -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_22329521/article/details/75116264