Arraylist底层是由数组实现的,因此ArrayList拥有很好的随机访问能力(时间复杂度为O(1)),但是删除和添加操作性能比较差时间复杂度为O(n).因为ArrayList底层是数组实现的所以删除和添加操作会造成数据扩容或者收缩;ArrayList允许null元素;
问题一:ArrayList怎么初始化?
1.无参的构造方法,不初始化任何容器,给一个空的数组
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
2.带参数的构造方法,如果入参是一个空集合和无参构造一样;
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
3.带容器大小的构造函数
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
问题二:ArrayList如何扩容?
1.计算最小的容器大小minCapacity,现在最小为10;
2.新大小newCapacity是oldCapacity的1.5倍(扩容逻辑和ArrayMap类似都是1.5倍);
3.新容量newCapacity不超过Int最大值;
4.拷贝原始数据到新数组中;
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
问题三:通过迭代器遍历ArrayList时做了什么?
程序员在通过迭代器遍历ArrayList的时候,主要使用了Iterator的next()和hasNext()方法,现在我们来看下这两个方法;
1.cursor记录了该迭代器访问游标的位置,每调用一次next方法,cursor的值都会+1;
2.limit是返回迭代器中,对当前ArrayList中数组数据量的一个快照;
3.如果cursor<limit说明迭代器中还有可以访问的数据
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor < limit;
}
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1.next方法里面实现了fail-fast机制,expectedModCount是迭代器返回时记录的容器修改次数。如果ArrayList被多线程修改了modCount的值就不会等于之前的expectedModCount,这就说明了其他线程修改了这个容器。
public E next() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= limit)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}