接上文类的结构分析
一.cache_t
结构
1.cache_t
结构
struct objc_class : objc_object {
// Class ISA;
Class superclass; //0X10
cache_t cache; // formerly cache pointer and vtable
class_data_bits_t bits; // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
class_rw_t *data() const {
return bits.data();
}
....
}
cache
是cache_t
类型,那么cache_t
又是什么样子继续(省略了部分代码):
struct cache_t {
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_OUTLINED
explicit_atomic<struct bucket_t *> _buckets;//8字节 imp sel
explicit_atomic<mask_t> _mask;//4字节
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
// How much the mask is shifted by.
static constexpr uintptr_t maskShift = 48;
#if __LP64__
uint16_t _flags;//2 标识
#endif
uint16_t _occupied;//2 占位
public:
static bucket_t *emptyBuckets();
struct bucket_t *buckets();
mask_t mask();//存储调用次数
mask_t occupied();//获取方法调用 插入
void incrementOccupied();
void setBucketsAndMask(struct bucket_t *newBuckets, mask_t newMask);
void initializeToEmpty();
unsigned capacity();
bool isConstantEmptyCache();
bool canBeFreed();
static size_t bytesForCapacity(uint32_t cap);
static struct bucket_t * endMarker(struct bucket_t *b, uint32_t cap);
void reallocate(mask_t oldCapacity, mask_t newCapacity, bool freeOld);
void insert(Class cls, SEL sel, IMP imp, id receiver);
static void bad_cache(id receiver, SEL sel, Class isa) __attribute__((noreturn, cold));
};
找到其中记录信息的参数 :
1.bucket_t
结构体类型的_buckets
2.mask_t
类型的_mask
3.uint16_t
类型的标识位_flags
和_occupied
4.bucket_t
结构体类型的buckets()
函数
5.mask_t
类型的mask()
函数
6.mask_t
类型的occupied()
函数
explicit_atomic<struct bucket_t *> _buckets;//8字节 imp sel
explicit_atomic<mask_t> _mask;//4字节
#if __LP64__
uint16_t _flags;//2 标识
#endif
uint16_t _occupied;//2 占位
struct bucket_t *buckets();
mask_t mask();//存储调用次数
mask_t occupied();//获取方法调用 插入
从字面意思猜测下,buckets(桶)
是最有可能存储东西的
struct bucket_t {
private:
// IMP-first is better for arm64e ptrauth and no worse for arm64.
// SEL-first is better for armv7* and i386 and x86_64.
#if __arm64__
explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _imp;
explicit_atomic<SEL> _sel;
#else
explicit_atomic<SEL> _sel;
explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _imp;
#endif
....
};
从方法编号_sel
, 指针地址_imp
可以看出它存储的就是方法,目的为了方便查找,提高查找效率
cache_t
中的_buckets()桶
、_mask(面具)
、_occupied(占据)
LLDB打印一些信息来看看
上代码
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface PHPerson : NSObject
- (void)doFirst;
- (void)doSecond;
- (void)doThird;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
#import "PHPerson.h"
@implementation PHPerson
- (void)doFirst {}
- (void)doSecond {}
- (void)doThird {}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
// insert code here...
PHPerson * person = [PHPerson alloc];
[person doFirst];
[person doSecond];
[person doThird];
Class personClass = object_getClass(person);
NSLog(@"%@",personClass);
}
return 0;
}
探索cache_t就需要找到cache在内存中所占的位置,我们知道类中isa指针占8字节,superclass指针占8字节,只要拿到类的首地址+16字节就能得到cache_t的地址
2.LLDB调试
此时_mask
为3,_occupied
为2,我们继续打印_buckets
- 从源码的分析中,我们知道
sel-imp
是在cache_t
的_buckets
属性中(目前处于macOS环境
),而在cache_t
结构体中提供了获取_buckets
属性的方法buckets()
; - 获取了
_buckets
属性,就可以获取sel-imp
了,这两个的获取在bucket_t
结构体中同样提供了相应的获取方法sel()
以及imp(pClass)
.
二.cache_t原理
- 类似
SDWebImage
,我们探究方法的缓存的时候,我们不仅要探索什么时候存
,还要探索怎么存
,存在哪
,占多大内存
,存取方式
等。所以我们接下来就一步一步的去剖析。
1.怎么存储?
struct cache_t {
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_OUTLINED//macOS、模拟器 -- 主要是架构区分
// explicit_atomic 显示原子性,目的是为了能够 保证 增删改查时 线程的安全性
//等价于 struct bucket_t * _buckets;
//_buckets 中放的是 sel imp
//_buckets的读取 有提供相应名称的方法 buckets()
explicit_atomic<struct bucket_t *> _buckets; //最小的buckets大小是 4(为了支持扩容算法需要)
explicit_atomic<mask_t> _mask; //散列表长度 - 1
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16 //64位真机
explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> _maskAndBuckets;//写在一起的目的是为了优化
mask_t _mask_unused;
public: //对外公开可以调用的方法
static bucket_t *emptyBuckets(); // 清空buckets
struct bucket_t *buckets(); //这个方法的实现很简单就是_buckets对外的一个获取函数
mask_t mask(); //获取缓存容量_mask
mask_t occupied(); //获取已经占用的缓存个数_occupied
void incrementOccupied(); //增加缓存,_occupied自++
void setBucketsAndMask(struct bucket_t *newBuckets, mask_t newMask); //这个函数是设置一个新的Buckets
void initializeToEmpty();
unsigned capacity();
bool isConstantEmptyCache();
bool canBeFreed();
......
}
这个incrementOccupied()
成功引起了我的注意继续查找:
2.
cache_fill
执行流程3.cache_t::insert
执行流程
4.在执行第一步时出现函数reallocate(oldCapacity, capacity, /* freeOld */false)
源码如下:
void cache_t::reallocate(mask_t oldCapacity, mask_t newCapacity, bool freeOld)
{
bucket_t *oldBuckets = buckets();
bucket_t *newBuckets = allocateBuckets(newCapacity);
// Cache's old contents are not propagated.
// This is thought to save cache memory at the cost of extra cache fills.
// fixme re-measure this
ASSERT(newCapacity > 0);
ASSERT((uintptr_t)(mask_t)(newCapacity-1) == newCapacity-1);
setBucketsAndMask(newBuckets, newCapacity - 1);
if (freeOld) {
cache_collect_free(oldBuckets, oldCapacity);
}
}
- 如果有旧的
buckets
,需要清理之前的缓存,即调用cache_collect_free
方法
为什么要创建新的新的
buckets
来替换原有的buckets
并抹掉原有的buckets
的方案,而不是在在原有buckets
的基础上进行扩容?
- 减少对方法快速查找流程的影响:调用
objc_msgSend
时会触发方法快速查找,如果进行扩容需要做一些读写操作,对快速查找影响比较大。- 对性能要求比较高:开辟新的
buckets
空间并抹掉原有buckets
的消耗比在原有buckets
上进行扩展更加高效
5.接着分析图中第三步
// Scan for the first unused slot and insert there.
// There is guaranteed to be an empty slot because the
// minimum size is 4 and we resized at 3/4 full.
do {
if (fastpath(b[i].sel() == 0)) {
incrementOccupied();
b[i].set<Atomic, Encoded>(sel, imp, cls);
return;
}
if (b[i].sel() == sel) {
// The entry was added to the cache by some other thread
// before we grabbed the cacheUpdateLock.
return;
}
} while (fastpath((i = cache_next(i, m)) != begin));
cache_t::bad_cache(receiver, (SEL)sel, cls);
其中mask_t begin = cache_hash(sel, m);
是计算开始查找对下标,hash算法求值
static inline mask_t cache_hash(SEL sel, mask_t mask)
{
return (mask_t)(uintptr_t)sel & mask;
}
key
就是SEL
映射关系其实就是sel & mask = index
mask
= 散列表长度 - 1
所以 index 一定是<= mask
注释提供信息:
* Cache writers (hold cacheUpdateLock while reading or writing; not PC-checked)
* cache_fill (acquires lock)
* cache_expand (only called from cache_fill)
* cache_create (only called from cache_expand)
* bcopy (only called from instrumented cache_expand)
* flush_caches (acquires lock)
* cache_flush (only called from cache_fill and flush_caches)
* cache_collect_free (only called from cache_expand and cache_flush)
*
* UNPROTECTED cache readers (NOT thread-safe; used for debug info only)
* cache_print
* _class_printMethodCaches
* _class_printDuplicateCacheEntries
* _class_printMethodCacheStatistics