Fork/Join
体现了分而治之，大问题分割为相同的小问题，小问题之间无关联。动态规划，分割为相同的小问题，小问题之间是有关联的
工作密取：因为划分的子任务的计算时间不一样，先完成的线程会去后完成的线程中提取任务执行
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建2000个随机数组成的数组:
long[] array = new long[2000];
long expectedSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
array[i] = random();
expectedSum += array[i];
}
System.out.println("Expected sum: " + expectedSum);
// fork/join:
ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new SumTask(array, 0, array.length);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Long result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task);
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Fork/join sum: " + result + " in " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms.");
}
static Random random = new Random(0);
static long random() {
return random.nextInt(10000);
}
}
class SumTask extends RecursiveTask<Long> {
static final int THRESHOLD = 500;
long[] array;
int start;
int end;
SumTask(long[] array, int start, int end) {
this.array = array;
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
@Override
protected Long compute() {
if (end - start <= THRESHOLD) {
// 如果任务足够小,直接计算:
long sum = 0;
for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
sum += this.array[i];
// 故意放慢计算速度:
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
return sum;
}
// 任务太大,一分为二:
int middle = (end + start) / 2;
System.out.println(String.format("split %d~%d ==> %d~%d, %d~%d", start, end, start, middle, middle, end));
SumTask subtask1 = new SumTask(this.array, start, middle);
SumTask subtask2 = new SumTask(this.array, middle, end);
invokeAll(subtask1, subtask2);
Long subresult1 = subtask1.join();
Long subresult2 = subtask2.join();
Long result = subresult1 + subresult2;
System.out.println("result = " + subresult1 + " + " + subresult2 + " ==> " + result);
return result;
}
}
ForkJoinPool线程池可以把一个大任务分拆成小任务并行执行，任务类必须继承自RecursiveTask或RecursiveAction。返回值 Task，无返回值 Action。
CountDownLatch
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//调用await()方法的线程会被挂起，它会等待直到count值为0才继续执行
public void await() throws InterruptedException { };
//和await()类似，只不过等待一定的时间后count值还没变为0的话就会继续执行
public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { };
//将count值减1
public void countDown() { };
1.CNT与线程数不是对应关系
2.一个线程在进行countdown后可以继续运行
3.可以在一个线程中多次扣减
4.await线程可以是多个
