Singleton 单例注册
简介
我们知道Spring容器的 Bean 可以是单例 (把 scope 配置为 singleton 或者不设置 scope,即默认是单例),这些单例的 Bean 被初始化之后就被Spring注册到BeanFactory管理了起来,方便下次直接使用。除了配置的单例Bean,我们还可以调用BeanFactory的Bean直接注册一个单例Bean。
SingletonBeanRegistry
SingletonBeanRegistry是BeanFactory默认实现DefaultListableBeanFactory实现的接口之一。这个接口主要提供了一些单例注册、获取等单例相关的方法。
public interface SingletonBeanRegistry {
void registerSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject);
Object getSingleton(String beanName);
boolean containsSingleton(String beanName);
String[] getSingletonNames();
int getSingletonCount();
Object getSingletonMutex();
}
手动注册单例
前面提到Spring管理着手动注册以及scope配置为singleton的单例Bean注册。这两种Bean的注册方式是不同的。我们先来看手工注册。
通过调用registerSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject)这个方法注册的Bean就是手动注册的Bean。
例子:
@Test
public void test(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext appContext =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:app-context.xml");
Object object = new Object();
appContext.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("object",object);
System.out.println(object == appContext.getBean("object"));
}
打印的结果为true
,证明可以拿到注册进去的Bean。
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry(SingletonBeanRegistry默认实现)源码:
@Override
public void registerSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) throws IllegalStateException {
Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
Assert.notNull(singletonObject, "Singleton object must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
Object oldObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (oldObject != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not register object [" + singletonObject +
"] under bean name '" + beanName + "': there is already object [" + oldObject + "] bound");
}
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
代码比较简单,忽略一些校验以及this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
,this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
(这两个变量主要是为配置的bean服务的),这两句remove代码,可以看到就是往singletonObjects添加了一个 beanName -> singletonObject, 以及往 registeredSingletons 添加了注册进来的beanName。
singletonObjects就是管理所有单例bean的一个map。
自动注册的单例 (配置scope为singleton的bean)
自动注册,也就是配置的Singleton Bean的注册要比手动注册的复杂得多。原因是,自动注册需要解决循环依赖的问题。
循环引用
spring在把Bean创建之后需要给Bean注入参数,假如 A 依赖了 B,那创建 A 的时候就是在 spring 容器里面查找 B,假如这个时候 B 也还没创建那就会创建 B。如果 B 又依赖了 A ,那就会有循环依赖的问题。
A -> B -> A
earlySingletonObjects和singletonFactories
为了解决循环依赖的问题, DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry
中用了 earlySingletonObjects
和 singletonFactories
这两个map来解决这个问题。
earlySingletonObjects中的 early 指的是new 出来但是还没注入参数的Bean,而earlySingletonObjects
管理的正是这种Bean。在上面的源码中,addSingleton
的方法。在添加单例之后就移除了earlySingletonObjects
中相同beanName的bean,因为已经有了注入好的Bean,就不需要'early'的了。
singletonFactories spring不会直接创建bean,而是把创建bean的方法(createBean)封装成factory保存在singletonFactories
里。
getSingleton源码
spring通过getSingleton的这几个方法实现注册配置的bean并解决循环依赖问题。这几个方法有一个比较复杂的调用流程,我们先看这几个方法大概做了些什么,什么我们再通过调用流程深入了解这些方法的功用。
@Override
@Nullable
public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
return getSingleton(beanName, true);
}
@Nullable
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
// 判断singletonObjects是否存在要找bean,这个方法大部分情况都会在这里结束,后面的代码只有在存在循环引用才会调用。
if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if (singletonFactory != null) {
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation
第二行代码:isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)
。
public boolean isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) {
return this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.contains(beanName);
}
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation的作用判断这个beanName是不是正在创建,也就是判断是不是循环依赖了。
举个例子假如 A依赖了B,B又依赖了A (A -> B -> A)。创建 A 时,会先把 A 的beanName添加到 singletonsCurrentlyInCreation这个set里面,然后再去查找B,发现B还没创建就去创建B,同样创建B也会添加到singletonsCurrentlyInCreation,再去查找依赖A,这个时候isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation就会返回true,也就是循环依赖了。
这个方法依次会从singletonObjects,earlySingletonObjects,singletonFactories查找bean,关于具体什么时候,bean会在那个地方,后面调用流程会有介绍。
getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory)
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
boolean newSingleton = false;
boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
}
try {
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
newSingleton = true;
} catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
throw ex;
}
} catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
}
}
throw ex;
} finally {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = null;
}
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
if (newSingleton) {
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
}
protected void beforeSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
}
protected void afterSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Singleton '" + beanName + "' isn't currently in creation");
}
}
getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory)
,这个方法是getSingleton另一个重载方法,在创建之前把beanName放到singletonsCurrentlyInCreation,再通过调用传入的singletonFactory getObject创建bean,在创建之后再把singletonsCurrentlyInCreation移除,最后再把创建的bean注册到singletonObjects。
这个方法虽然叫getSingleton但实际上主要功能是创建bean再把bean注册。
调用流程
假设A依赖了B,B依赖了A,我们分析一下spring是如何调用这几个方法解决依赖循环的问题的,其中加粗的方法是我们前面介绍过的方法,其他方法涉及太多其他的细节,就不在这里分析了。
方法 | 描述 | singletonObject池 |
---|---|---|
1.doGetBean("A") | 获取bean A | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
2.getSingleton("A") | 直接取singleton A,所有池没有A所以找不到 | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
第2步getSingleton("A")结束 | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
|
3. getSingleton("A", ObjectFactory) | 前面已经了解带ObjectFactory参数的getSingleton方法其实包含了创建和注册bean。根据下面源码,调用ObjectFacotry的getObject方法其实就是调用BeanFacotry的子类实现的createBean | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
4.createBean("A",..) | getSingleton("A", ObjectFactory)创建bean的操作 | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
5.doCreateBean("A",..) | - | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
6.addSingletonFactory("A", ObjectFactory) | 把用于创建A的ObjectFacotry注册到singletonFactories | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
第6步的方法结束 | - | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
7.populateBean("A",..) | 给A注入依赖 | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
8.doGetBean("B") | 因为A依赖B,所以需要查找B | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
9.getSingleton("B") | 获取B的单例 | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
第9步执行的方法结束 | - | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
10. getSingleton("B", ObjectFactory) | 因为B还没创建所以创建B | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
11.createBean("B",..) | 创建B | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
12.doCreateBean("B",..) | - | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A |
13.addBeanFactory("B",facotry) | 把用于创建B的ObjectFacotry注册到singletonFactories | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A,B |
14.populateBean("B",..) | 注入B的依赖 | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A,B |
15.doGetBean("A") | 因为B依赖了A,所以查找A | singleton: earlySingleton: singletonFactory:A,B |
16.getSingleton("A") | 这个时候已经有A的ObjectFacotry了,根据前面的代码,getSingleton会用objectFactory创建出Bean A,然后把A的objectFactory移除,再把Bean A放到earlySingletonObjects | singleton: earlySingleton:A singletonFactory:B |
第15,16步结束 | 成功创建Bean A | singleton: earlySingleton:A singletonFactory:B |
第14步结束 | 成功注入Bean A | singleton: earlySingleton:A singletonFactory:B |
第11,12,13步结束 | 成功创建Bean B | singleton: earlySingleton:A singletonFactory:B |
17.addSingleton("B", Bean B); | 把创建成功的Bean B注册到singletonObjects | singleton:B earlySingleton:A singletonFactory: |
第10步结束 | singleton:B earlySingleton:A singletonFactory: |
|
第7,8,9结束 | 成功把beanB 注入到Bean A | singleton:B earlySingleton:A singletonFactory: |
18.addSingleton("A", Bean B); | 添加A到singletonObjects | singleton:A,B earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
第1,3结束 | 成功创建A | singleton:A,B earlySingleton: singletonFactory: |
部分源码:
3.getSingleton("A", ObjectFactory)
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
6.addSingletonFactory(beanName, ObjectFactory)
// bean这个参数就是new出来未注入的bean
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
inCreationCheckExclusions
getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory)
这个方法创建之前bean之前会把beanName添加到singletonsCurrentlyInCreation,但在添加之前还要检查是否在inCreationCheckExclusions这个set里面,在这个set里面的beanName是不检查创建的名单,也就是如果要创建的bean是在inCreationCheckExclusions里面就不会添加到singletonsCurrentlyInCreation。
public void setCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName, boolean inCreation) {
Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
if (!inCreation) {
this.inCreationCheckExclusions.add(beanName);
}
else {
this.inCreationCheckExclusions.remove(beanName);
}
}
通过这个方法可以设置某个bean不注册进earlySingletonObjects,假如互相依赖的两个bean都不注册进earlySingletonObjects,那就会抛出异常。
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry的成员变量
我们知道DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry主要维护管理了BeanFactory的单例Bean,除了singletonObjects这个管理了所有单例的map外,还有很多其他成员变量。我们来看一下DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry的所有成员变量。
/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name to ObjectFactory. */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);
singletonObjects,singletonFactories,earlySingletonObjects对于这三个变量,上面已经有了很大的篇幅介绍,单例的注册也主要是维护这几个map。
/** Names of beans that are currently in creation. */
private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =
Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));
/** Names of beans currently excluded from in creation checks. */
private final Set<String> inCreationCheckExclusions =
Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));
这两个set前面也有介绍到,主要是用来判断某个是否正在被创建,是bean是否循环的主要依据。
/** List of suppressed Exceptions, available for associating related causes. */
@Nullable
private Set<Exception> suppressedExceptions;
用来纪录所有创建bean时相关的异常。
/** Disposable bean instances: bean name to disposable instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> disposableBeans = new LinkedHashMap<>();
/** Map between containing bean names: bean name to Set of bean names that the bean contains. */
private final Map<String, Set<String>> containedBeanMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16);
/** Map between dependent bean names: bean name to Set of dependent bean names. */
private final Map<String, Set<String>> dependentBeanMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
/** Map between depending bean names: bean name to Set of bean names for the bean's dependencies. */
private final Map<String, Set<String>> dependenciesForBeanMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
待续...