参考

mongoDB:读取,根据oplog查找时间戳：https://devpress.csdn.net/mongodb/6304939fc67703293080d1cb.html
mongodb 备份指定时间段的数据：https://blog.51cto.com/u_16213337/7146774
MongoDB备份以及还原（全量+增量）：https://devpress.csdn.net/mongodb/6304939fc67703293080d1cb.html
为什么oplogReplay参数只设置了日志应用结束时间oplogLimit，而没有设置开始时间？：https://www.cnblogs.com/lijiaman/p/13531574.html
mongodb oplog日志详解和格式分析 ：https://www.cnblogs.com/xinghebuluo/p/15003040.html
MongoDB备份与恢复 + 导出csv格式 ：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/163255094?utm_id=0
MongoDB添加--query查询:无效的JSON输入：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/ask/sof/1197629
MongoDB的备份与恢复：https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/8244206.html#auto-id-12

查看bson文件可以先将bson文件转为json

bsondump  cook.bson --outFile=cook.json 

完整代码：dbBackupContinue.js

思路：每天0点先全量备份，之后每隔1小时增量备份1个小时多的数据
补充：副本集若开了访问权限，需要在下方每个指令中加上： -u 用户名 -p 密码 --authenticationDatabase 权限存放库

/**
 * 每小时增量备份
 */


const { printLog } = require("../utils/printlog");

var path = require("path"),
  fs = require("fs-extra"),
  exec = require("child_process").exec,
  _ = require("lodash"),
  async = require("async"),
  moment = require("moment"),
  config = {
    dateFormate: "YYYYMMDD",
    dbBackupPath: "/tmp/backup",
    suffix: "",
    days: 3,
    tarExt: ".zip",
    tar: true,
  },
  Backup = {};
/**
 * [init 数据库备份服务]
 * @param  {[type]} options [description]
 * @return {[type]}         [description]
 */
Backup.init = function (options) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var dbBackupPath = options.path || config.dbBackupPath, //数据库备份父级目录
      dbHost = options.host, //数据连接
      dbName = options.name, //数据库名称
      suffix = options.suffix || config.suffix, //存储目录后缀
      dateFormate = options.dateFormate || config.dateFormate, //今日备份目录名的时间标示
      todayBackUpName = getDatePath(dbName, new Date(), suffix, dateFormate), //今日备份目录名
      todayBackUpPath = path.join(dbBackupPath, todayBackUpName);

    if (!dbHost) {
      printLog("[参数缺失] dbHost");
      return;
    }

    if (!dbName) {
      printLog(`[备份数据库] 所有库`);
    } else {
      printLog(`[备份数据库] ${dbName}`);
    }

    if (!fs.existsSync(dbBackupPath)) {
      //创建数据库备份父级目录
      fs.mkdirsSync(dbBackupPath);
    }

    // if (fs.existsSync(todayBackUpPath)) {
    //     printLog('[已经创建] %s', todayBackUpPath);
    //     return;
    // }

    console.info(todayBackUpPath);
    //首次全量备份
    if (!fs.existsSync(todayBackUpPath)) {
      printLog("【全量备份】");
      printLog(dbHost + " : " + dbName ? dbName : "所有库", "开始备份");

      var cmdStr =
        "mongodump -h " +
        dbHost +
        (dbName ? " -d " + dbName : "") +
        " -o " +
        todayBackUpPath;
      printLog(
        "-------------------------------------------- 1.备份全量数据 -------------------------------------------"
      );
      printLog(cmdStr, "执行全量备份指令");
      exec(cmdStr, function (err) {
        if (!err) {
          printLog(todayBackUpPath, "全量备份成功");

          console.log(
            "-------------------------------------------- 2.清理过期备份数据 -------------------------------------------"
          );
          printLog(dbBackupPath, "清理过期的备份库");

          //清理历史数据
          var currentPaths = fs.readdirSync(dbBackupPath),
            effectPaths = getDaysInnerPath(
              dbName,
              suffix,
              dateFormate,
              options.days || config.days
            );
          printLog(effectPaths, "有效文件名:");
          printLog(currentPaths, "当前目录文件列表:");
          printLog(
            effectPaths[1] + "~" + effectPaths[effectPaths.length - 1],
            "保留数据"
          );
          for (var i = 0, len = currentPaths.length; i < len; i++) {
            if (
              currentPaths[i].indexOf(dbName ? dbName : "all") > -1 &&
              _.indexOf(effectPaths, currentPaths[i]) < 0
            ) {
              var rmFile = path.join(dbBackupPath, currentPaths[i]);
              printLog("待删除文件路径:" + rmFile);
              exec("rm -rf " + rmFile, function (err) {
                if (!err) {
                  console.log("[清理过期指定数据库备份文件] %s 成功", rmFile);
                } else {
                  console.log(err);
                  console.info("[清理过期指定数据库备份文件] %s 失败", rmFile);
                }
              });
            }
          }
          printLog("[备份成功]————[过期数据备份清理成功]~~");
          resolve();
        } else {
          console.log("[备份失败] %s", err);
          reject(err);
        }
      });
    } else {
      //每小时增量备份
      //此命令要用秒去查询
      //=============================================
      var spikeName = moment(new Date()).format("YYYYMMDDHH"); //增量备份目录名
      var endTime = Math.round(new Date().getTime() / 1000); //当前时间
      var startTime = endTime - ( 1 * 60 * 60 + 5 * 60 ); //往前推1小时+5分钟

      printLog(spikeName, "增量备份");
      var hoursCmd = `mongodump -h ${dbHost} -d local -c oplog.rs  -q \'{"ts":{"$gte":{"$timestamp":{"t":${startTime},"i":0}},"$lte":{"$timestamp":{"t":${endTime},"i":0}}}}\' -o  ${todayBackUpPath}/${spikeName}`;
      exec(hoursCmd, function (err) {
        if (!err) {
          printLog(spikeName, "增量备份成功");
          resolve();
        } else {
          printLog(spikeName, "增量备份失败");
          console.info(err.message);
          reject(err);
        }
      });
    }
  });
};

function getDatePath(dbName, date, suffix, dateFormate) {
  var dir = moment(date).format(dateFormate);
  return `${dir}-${dbName ? dbName : "all"}${suffix ? "-" + suffix : ""}`;
}

//获取几天内的目录
function getDaysInnerPath(dbName, suffix, dateFormate, days) {
  days = days || 1;
  var now = new Date(),
    pathArray = [];
  for (var i = days - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    var pathName = getDatePath(
      dbName,
      new Date(now.getTime() - i * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
      suffix,
      dateFormate
    );
    pathArray.push(pathName);
    pathArray.push(pathName + config.tarExt);
  }
  return pathArray;
}
module.exports = Backup;