Why do Russian helicopters in Syria fly so low?
为什么在叙利亚的俄军直升机飞的那么低？
原文地址：https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Russian-helicopters-in-Syria-fly-so-low
Tamás Polgár：
Russian (Soviet) principles behind helicopter warfare are very different from American, and their helicopters are very different as well.
俄罗斯（苏联）对于武装直升机的作战准则相较于美国存在很大的不同，同时两国的直升机也存在很大的区别。
After the Vietnam War both nations did their math and came up with their helicopter designs. The Americans favored small, quick choppers like the AH-1 or the AH-64 which relied on speed and maneuverability. Their task was to counter masses of Warsaw Pact armor and take out as many tanks as they can and as quickly as they can. Most Western battle choppers follow the same philosophy from the Eurocopter Tiger to the light BO-105. They usually stop and hover while guiding their missiles from outside the range of anti-aircraft guns (at least originally they were designed to do that) then quickly disappear and reemerge at another point of the battlefield to launch more missiles.
在越南战争之后，两国都吸取了教训并由此产生了不同的直升机设计。美国钟爱轻巧型的比如 AH-1 和 AH-64 武装直升机，他们都有绝佳的速度和机动性。这些直升机的任务在于和华沙条约国家的部队作战，然后尽可能快和多的消灭敌方的坦克部队。从欧洲直升机虎式到 BO-105 这些西方的武装直升机大都遵循这一设计哲学。他们通常在远离敌方放空武器的地点盘旋并引导导弹攻击目标（至少设计之初是这个目标），然后快速撤退并锁定新的目标来发动攻击。
The Warsaw Pact, on the other hand, did not expect to encounter heavy armored resistance and their helicopters were built in a different fashion. In the Soviet doctrine the helicopters were to render close support to ground troops. What they had in mind was not an agile but fragile mosquito but something like a flying tank which doesn’t float but sweeps low and strafes enemy troops with gunfire and unguided missiles like a plane. This is how the Mi-24 was born. Imagine if you crossbred an A-10 Warthog with a Mi-8 transport helicopter on which the Mi-24 was actually based, and that’s what it is.
相对的，华沙条约国家并不将重装甲部队做为攻击目标，因此他们的直升机拥有另一种设计哲学。在苏联思想中直升机用于为地面的步兵部队提供火力支援。他们对于直升机的需求并不是小巧而又脆弱的蚊子类型，而是一架飞行的坦克通过低空飞掠并使用机炮与无制导火箭弹来清扫敌方步兵。这就是 Mi-24 诞生的背景。想象一下把一架 A-10 疣猪攻击机和一架 Mi-8 运输直升机结合起来，这就是 Mi-24 了。
The Russians also wanted their choppers to be capable of troop transport, hence the Hind has a cargo compartment. It was in fact a good idea which the Americans overlooked. Today there are various solutions to make Apaches capable of inserting or extracting special forces, but they aren’t exactly the best.
俄国人同样希望他们的直升机能够搭载步兵，因此雌鹿直升机后部有一个货仓。从美国人的角度而言确实是一个不错的想法。现今可以通过几种途径是的阿帕奇武装直升机来运输特种部队，不过都不是什么特别好的方案。
On the other hand however, the Russians rarely used the cargo compartment of the Hind, so they designed their next helicopters without any. Thus the Mi-28 Havoc and the Ka-50 Hokum were born. They are a synthesis of Western and Eastern design principles, so to say. They still sweep low and deliver a punch.
但从另一方面而言，俄国人也很少使用雌鹿后部的货仓，所以在下一代的直升机中就取消了这个设计。由此诞生了 Mi-28 和 Ka-50 直升机。这就是对于东西方设计思想的整合。但这些直升机仍然低空飞行然后发动攻击。
The Hungarian air force attempted to use Mi-24s in the fashion of Apaches, but it just wasn’t cut for it. It was not designed for the sneaky kind of assault. It is designed to storm the enemy like a tank.
匈牙利空军曾经尝试按照阿帕奇的使用方式来使用 Mi-24s，不过效果并不好，原本这直升机就不是拿来这发动隐蔽攻击的。而是用于像坦克一样冲锋陷阵。
