这里介绍下 基本的MySQL 使用教程
所有操作 都是在
mac
终端sql
环境下操作
-
进入 MySQL
mysql -u root -p
// 进入MySQl 命令 // mysql -u 数据库用户名 -p 密码(明码) // 也可以不写密码, 回车后 再输入密码 可以让密码不回显 yulilideMacBook-Pro:~ sky-fish$ mysql -u root -p // 输入 MySQL 密码 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.18 Homebrew Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. // \h 获取帮助信息 // \c 清除输入信息 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
显示数据库列表
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
使用指定数据库
mysql>use mysql;(指定mysql库)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
```
- 显示库中的数据表 `mysql>show tables;`
```
mysql> show tables
-> ;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| engine_cost |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| gtid_executed |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| server_cost |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.01 sec)
```
- 显示数据表结构 `mysql>describe yourtablename; `
```
mysql> describe INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS;
+-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| TABLE_ID | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| NAME | varchar(193) | NO | | | |
| STATS_INITIALIZED | varchar(193) | NO | | | |
| NUM_ROWS | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| CLUST_INDEX_SIZE | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| OTHER_INDEX_SIZE | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| MODIFIED_COUNTER | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| AUTOINC | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| REF_COUNT | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
+-------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
```
- 建库 `mysql>create database yourdbname;`
```
mysql> create database binbinDatabases;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
```
- 建表 `mysql>create table yourtablename (columnname colunmtype, ...);`
```
mysql> create table binbinFirstTable(Sno CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY,
-> Sname CHAR(20) UNIQUE,
-> Ssex CHAR(2),
-> Sage SMALLINT,
-> Sdept CHAR(20));
// 创建成功
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
// 查看有没有我们创建的表 `binbinFirstTable`
mysql> show tables
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_binbindb |
+--------------------+
| binbinFirstTable |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
```
- 表中插入数据 `INSERT INTO yourtablename(属性型1, 属性型2, 属性型3) VALUES(属性值1, 属性值2, 属性值3) `
```
// 注意: 这里的 `李华`, `Physics`
mysql> INSERT INTO binbinFirstTable(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage,Sdept) VALUES(100,'李华',1,28,'Physics');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
// 查看刚刚插入的表
mysql> select *from binbinFirstTable;
+-----+--------+------+------+---------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+--------+------+------+---------+
| 100 | 李华 | 1 | 28 | Physics |
+-----+--------+------+------+---------+
//再次插入, 这里可以省略表属性型, 不过要按照建表的属性顺序输入值
mysql> INSERT INTO binbinFirstTable VALUES(101,'韩梅梅',1,27,'Art');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
//查看表内容
mysql> select * from binbinFirstTable;
+-----+-----------+------+------+---------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+-----------+------+------+---------+
| 100 | 李华 | 1 | 28 | Physics |
| 101 | 韩梅梅 | 1 | 27 | Art |
+-----+-----------+------+------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
----
// 创建一个课程 Course 表
mysql> CREATE TABLE Course(
-> Cno CHAR(4) PRIMARY KEY,
-> Cname CHAR(40),
-> Cpno CHAR(4),
-> Ceredit SMALLINT
-> );
// 创建成功
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
// 查看数据库中的表 发现里面有 课程表 `Course` 但是没有学生表
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_binbindb |
+--------------------+
| Course |
| binbinFirstTable |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 改表名 `rename table table1 to table2`
mysql> rename table binbinFirstTable to Student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
// 可以看到 表 binbinFirstTable 已经改名为 Student 了
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_binbindb |
+--------------------+
| Course |
| Student |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 添加列 `添加列:alter table 表名 add column 列名 varchar(30);`, column 可以省略
// 添加了S_score(分数)列
mysql> alter table Student add S_score SMALLINT;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
// 查看添加结果
mysql> select * from Student;
+-----+-----------+------+------+---------+------------+---------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | S_entrance | S_score |
+-----+-----------+------+------+---------+------------+---------+
| 100 | 李华 | 1 | 28 | Physics | NULL | NULL |
| 101 | 韩梅梅 | 1 | 27 | Art | NULL | NULL |
+-----+-----------+------+------+---------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改列 数据类型 `alter table 表名 modify 属性名 数据类型;`
// 可以看到 Sage 的数据类型是 samllint(6), 我们要改为 char(4)
mysql> DESC Student;
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Sno | char(9) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Sname | char(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ssex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| Sage | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
| Sdept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| S_entrance | date | YES | | NULL | |
| S_score | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
// 把 Sage 的数据类型改为 char(4)
mysql> alter table Student modify Sage varchar(4);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
// 查看更改结果, 我们成功把 Sage 数据类型由 smallint(6) 改为了 char(4)
mysql> desc Student;
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Sno | char(9) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Sname | char(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ssex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| Sage | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| Sdept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| S_entrance | date | YES | | NULL | |
| S_score | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 添加取唯一值约束 `alter table 表名 add UNIQUE(属性);`
// 我们给 表 Course 的 Cname (课程名) 添加唯一值约束
mysql> desc Course;
// 可以看到, 现在 Cname 是没有约束的
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Cno | char(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Cname | char(40) | YES | | NULL | |
| Ceredit | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
| Cpno | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
// 添加唯一值约束
mysql> alter table Course add UNIQUE(Cname);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
// 查看结果, 添加成功
mysql> desc Course;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Cno | char(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Cname | char(40) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ceredit | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
| Cpno | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Student 中忘记添加 下面的完整性约束条件, 百度下 给加上
FOREIGN KEY (Cno) REFERENCES
- 删除列 `alter 表名 drop column 属性名;`
// 我们要删除 列 Cpno
mysql> desc Course;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Cno | char(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Cname | char(40) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ceredit | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
| Cpno | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
// 删除成功
mysql> alter table Course drop column Cpno;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
// Cpno 已经被删除
mysql> desc Course;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Cno | char(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Cname | char(40) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ceredit | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改列名字 `alter table 表名 change 旧属性名 新属性名字 数据类型;`
// 查看 Ceredit 状态
mysql> desc Course;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Cno | char(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Cname | char(40) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ceredit | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
// 修改 Ceredit
mysql> alter table Course change Ceredit New_Ceredit int;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
// 查看修改结果
mysql> desc Course;
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Cno | char(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Cname | char(40) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| New_Ceredit | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 表记录清空 `delete from 表名;`
// 删除 表 Student
mysql> delete from Student;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
// 查看 表 Student 发现表已经空了
mysql> select * from Student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
// 查看表存不存在, 表 Student 还是存在的
mysql> desc Student;
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Sno | char(9) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Sname | char(20) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| Ssex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| Sage | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| Sdept | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| S_entrance | date | YES | | NULL | |
| S_score | smallint(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
> 表记录清空 `delete from 表名;` 和 删表 `DROP TABLE Student [RESTRICT | CASCADE]` 是有区别的.
表记录清空, 单纯的清除表的内容, 但是表还在.
但是 删表, 是整个表都被删除, 即 数据库中不再存在这个表
----
- 删表 `DROP TABLE Student [RESTRICT | CASCADE]`
- RESTRICT 弱删除, 当表被其他表的约束引用(如: CHECK, FOREIGN KEY 等), 而且不能有(视图,触发器,存储过程, 函数), 在这些条件下, 才能被删除.
- CASCADE: 强删除, 删表的同时 会删除相关的依赖对象, 如 视图,会一起删除
```
// 删除 Student 表
mysql> Drop TALE Student CASCADE;
// 这里报错了, 是因为 Student 是 选课表 SC 的参照表, 里面的Sno 属性是 SC 的外键, 所以无法删除
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'TALE Student CASCADE' at line 1
```
- 删库
`mysql>drop database yourdbname;`
----
- [MySQL 教程](http://www.runoob.com/mysql/mysql-tutorial.html)