目录
一、Nginx安装
二、默认虚拟主机
三、Nginx用户认证
四、Nginx域名重定向
一、Nginx安装
- 下载和解压Nginx
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src] wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src] tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
- 初始化配置编译选项
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src] cd nginx-1.12.2/
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
//指定安装路径
- 编译和安装Nginx
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] make && make install
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] ls /usr/local/nginx/
conf html logs sbin
//conf:配置文件目录
//html:样例文件目录
//logs:存放日志目录
//sbin:核心文件目录
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查配置文件
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
- 编写Nginx启动脚本
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] vim /etc/init.d/nginx
//写入以下内容
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx //更改权限为755
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] chkconfig --add nginx //加入系统服务
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2] chkconfig nginx on //开机启动Nginx
- 更改Nginx的配置文件
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.1 //不用原有的,新建一个
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] vim nginx.conf
写入以下内容
user nobody nobody; //运行nginx的用户为nobody,
worker_processes 2; //nginx的子进程数量
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; //定义nginx最多可以打开多少个文件
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000; //最大连接进程数
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server //每个server对应一个虚拟主机,就像apache中的每个virtualhost对应一个虚拟主机,server部分未配置则无法监听80端口
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html; //网站根目录
location ~ \.php$ //解析php相关内容
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
- 检查配置文件然后启动nginx
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl stop //关闭httpd进程
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] ps aux |grep nginx
root 430 0.0 0.0 20536 608 ? Ss 22:06 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 431 0.0 0.0 20976 1056 ? S 22:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 433 0.0 0.0 112720 984 pts/1 S+ 22:07 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
nginx通常父进程用户为root,子进程用户为nobody
php-fpm通常父进程用户为root,子进程用户为php-fpm
- 测试是否正确解析PHP
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/conf] vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php
<?php
echo "PHP解析成功\n";
?>
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/nginx/conf] curl localhost/1.php
PHP解析成功
二、默认虚拟主机
- 修改主配置文件nginx.conf,/删除原先server的配置,在结束符号}上面加入一行配置,如下所示:
include vhost/*.conf;
}
- 在conf目录下创建一个vhost子目录
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/nginx/conf] pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/nginx/conf] mkdir vhost
- vhost目录下创建aaa.com.conf
写入以下内容
server
{
listen 80 default_server; // 有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
[root@minglinux-01 /usr/local/nginx/conf] mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default
//创建/data/wwwroot/default
- 测试
[root@minglinux-01 /data/wwwroot/default] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@minglinux-01 /data/wwwroot/default] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载
[root@minglinux-01 /data/wwwroot/default] vim /data/wwwroot/default/index.html
写入
Hello,thank you!
[root@minglinux-01 /data/wwwroot/default] curl localhost
Hello,thank you!
[root@minglinux-01 /data/wwwroot/default] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 aaa.com
Hello,thank you!
[root@minglinux-01 /data/wwwroot/default] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 a.com
Hello,thank you! //aaa.com是默认虚拟主机
- vhost目录下虚拟主机配置文件中可以用default_server指定该虚拟主机为默认虚拟主机。
- 如果目录下有多个虚拟主机配置文件都没有使用default_server指定为默认,那排序靠前的.conf配置文件的虚拟主机为默认虚拟主机。
三、Nginx用户认证
- 整站做用户认证
[root@minglinux-01 ~] vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
server //创建新的虚拟主机
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd ming //生成密码文件,指定一个用户
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user ming
[root@minglinux-01 ~] cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd
ming:$apr1$RbHhD.B/$Cy5W5B1r2535.f5TYJTdL.
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd ming1
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user ming1
[root@minglinux-01 ~] cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd
ming:$apr1$RbHhD.B/$Cy5W5B1r2535.f5TYJTdL.
ming1:$apr1$TsZ0Z5jj$.4i0ecCyxoj59p6Hh.nUu.
再次使用htpasswd工具的-c选项生成密码会覆盖之前的账户密码,不加-c则不会覆盖
- 测试
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查配置文件有无错误
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload //重新加载配置,不会重启Nginx
[root@minglinux-01 ~] mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
[root@minglinux-01 ~] echo "test page" >/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -uming:123456 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com
test page
- 部分目录做用户认证
[root@minglinux-01 ~] vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /admin //在这里改变目录即可
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
- 测试
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com
test page
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/ -I
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 13:27:07 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 195
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -uming:123456 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/ -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found //加上用户名密码后可以访问
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 13:28:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
- 单独url做用户认证
[root@minglinux-01 ~] vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location ~admin.php //匹配admin.php
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
- 测试
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php -I
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 13:46:09 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 195
Connection: keep-alive
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Auth"
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -uming:123456 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php
admin page
四、Nginx域名重定向
- 修改配置文件
[root@minglinux-01 ~] vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test2.com test3.com; //server_name后面可以跟多个域名
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
//这里的^/(.*)$写全则为http://$host/(.*)$,permanent为永久重定向,相当于httpd的R=301。另外还有一个常用的redirect,相当于httpd的R=302。
location ~admin.php
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
- 测试
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@minglinux-01 ~] /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 14:02:45 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://test.com/
[root@minglinux-01 ~] curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/abcd -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.12.2
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2018 14:03:40 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://test.com/abcd
扩展
nginx.conf 配置详解 http://www.ha97.com/5194.html http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880
nginx rewrite四种flag http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943