Ruby、RVM-使用总结
安装或更新Ruby
方法一：使用Homebrew安装Ruby
Homebrew 是什么：
Homebrew是 mac的包管理器，仅需执行相应的命令,就能下载安装需要的软件包，可以省掉自己去下载、解压、拖拽(安装)等繁琐的步骤。
安装Homebrew
-
在终端执行：
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"执行结果：
==> Checking for `sudo` access (which may request your password). Password: ==> This script will install: /opt/homebrew/bin/brew /opt/homebrew/share/doc/homebrew /opt/homebrew/share/man/man1/brew.1 /opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew /opt/homebrew/etc/bash_completion.d/brew /opt/homebrew Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort ==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown -R hsh:admin /opt/homebrew ==> Downloading and installing Homebrew... HEAD is now at 976f9daa1 Merge pull request #12235 from Homebrew/dependabot/bundler/Library/Homebrew/sorbet-0.5.9226 fatal: Could not resolve HEAD to a revision Warning: /opt/homebrew/bin is not in your PATH. Instructions on how to configure your shell for Homebrew can be found in the 'Next steps' section below. ==> Installation successful! ==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics. Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here: https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics No analytics data has been sent yet (or will be during this `install` run). ==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating: https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations ==> Next steps: - Run these two commands in your terminal to add Homebrew to your PATH: echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/hsh/.zprofile eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)" - Run `brew help` to get started - Further documentation: https://docs.brew.sh -
可以看到第一步执行后有报错，按照报错提示执行
Next steps：在终端执行：// 第一步 echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/hsh/.zprofile // 第二步 eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"注：Mac M1 芯片每次重新打开终端时，可能无法找到
brew，按照报错提示执行，重新打开终端时，也无法找到，解决办法：可以在终端执行：// 用echo 添加上导出语句 echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH"' >> $HOME/.zshrc // 运行source命令，文件生效 source ~/.zshrc -
启动
brew，在终端执行：brew help：执行结果：
Example usage: brew search TEXT|/REGEX/ brew info [FORMULA|CASK...] brew install FORMULA|CASK... brew update brew upgrade [FORMULA|CASK...] brew uninstall FORMULA|CASK... brew list [FORMULA|CASK...] Troubleshooting: brew config brew doctor brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA|CASK Contributing: brew create URL [--no-fetch] brew edit [FORMULA|CASK...] Further help: brew commands brew help [COMMAND] man brew https://docs.brew.sh -
在终端执行：
brew -v：查看最新版本：执行结果：
Homebrew 3.2.16 Homebrew/homebrew-core (no Git repository)
更新Homebrew
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打开终端执行：
brew update：执行结果：
Already up-to-date.
Homebrew常用语法：
// 卸载Homebrew
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh)"
// 查询：
brew search 软件名
// 安装：
brew install 软件名
// 卸载：
brew uninstall 软件名
// 更新 Homebrew自己：
brew update
// 查看 Homebrew 配置信息：
brew config
// 查看哪些安装包需要更新
brew outdated
// 更新安装包
brew upgrade # 更新所有的包
brew upgrade $FORMULA # 更新指定的包
// 清理旧版本
brew cleanup # 清理所有包的旧版本
brew cleanup $FORMULA # 清理指定包的旧版本
brew cleanup -n # 查看可清理的旧版本包，不执行实际操作
// 锁定不想更新的包
brew pin $FORMULA # 锁定某个包
brew unpin $FORMULA # 取消锁定
// 查看安装包的相关信息
brew info $FORMULA # 显示某个包的信息
brew info # 显示安装了包数量，文件数量，和总占用空间
brew deps --installed --tree # 查看已安装的包的依赖，树形显示
// 列出已安装包
brew list
// 删除
brew rm $FORMULA # 删除某个包
brew uninstall --force $FORMULA # 删除所有版本
注：Homebrew主要由四个部分组成:brew、homebrew-core、homebrew-cask、homebrew-bottles，它们对应的功能如下：
| 组成 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| Homebrew | 源代码仓库 |
| homebrew-core | Homebrew 核心源 |
| homebrew-cask | 提供macos应用和大型二进制文件的安装 |
| homebrew-bottles | 预编译二进制软件包 |
安装或更新Ruby
先更新
Homebrew：brew update；Mac自身的ruby版本是2.6.3p62；-
安装
ruby：brew install ruby：执行结果：
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/libyaml/manifests/0.2.5 ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/libyaml/blobs/sha256:fe1082f347 ==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ca-certificates/manifests/2021- ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ca-certificates/blobs/sha256:47 ==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/openssl/1.1/manifests/1.1.1l_1 ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/openssl/1.1/blobs/sha256:e3d855 ==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/readline/manifests/8.1.1 ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/readline/blobs/sha256:bcb228b99 ==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/manifests/3.0.2_1 ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/blobs/sha256:86f9be3f7ac26 ==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Installing dependencies for ruby: libyaml, ca-certificates, openssl@1.1 and readline ==> Installing ruby dependency: libyaml ==> Pouring libyaml--0.2.5.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/libyaml/0.2.5: 10 files, 369.9KB ==> Installing ruby dependency: ca-certificates ==> Pouring ca-certificates--2021-09-30.all.bottle.1.tar.gz ==> Regenerating CA certificate bundle from keychain, this may take a while... 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ca-certificates/2021-09-30: 3 files, 203.5KB ==> Installing ruby dependency: openssl@1.1 ==> Pouring openssl@1.1--1.1.1l_1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1l_1: 8,073 files, 18MB ==> Installing ruby dependency: readline ==> Pouring readline--8.1.1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/readline/8.1.1: 48 files, 1.7MB ==> Installing ruby ==> Pouring ruby--3.0.2_1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into: /opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin You may want to add this to your PATH. ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in parallel can cause all kinds of trouble. If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find ruby you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/include" ==> Summary 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.0.2_1: 16,390 files, 40.4MB ==> Caveats ==> ruby By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into: /opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin You may want to add this to your PATH. ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in parallel can cause all kinds of trouble. If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find ruby you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/include"安装完成后，执行
ruby -v还是显示原来的版本，这是因为环境变量没有配置。 将ruby环境变量配置到
~/.zshrc中：echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc；使其立即生效：
source ~/.zshrc；-
现在执行：
ruby -v：显示已是新版本：ruby 3.0.2p107 (2021-07-07 revision 0db68f0233) [arm64-darwin20]
注意：Homebrew使用、报错等问题：参考这里
方法二：使用RVM安装或更新Ruby
安装RVM
安装：
curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable；执行：
source ~/.bashrc；执行：
source ~/.bash_profile；-
查看
rvm版本：rvm -v：执行结果：
rvm 1.29.12 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io]
更新RVM
-
更新RVM：
rvm get stable：执行结果：
Downloading https://get.rvm.io No GPG software exists to validate rvm-installer, skipping. Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.12.tar.gz Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.12/1.29.12.tar.gz.asc Found PGP signature at: 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.12/1.29.12.tar.gz.asc', but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping. Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/hsh/.rvm/ RVM PATH line found in /Users/hsh/.mkshrc /Users/hsh/.profile /Users/hsh/.bashrc /Users/hsh/.zshrc. RVM sourcing line found in /Users/hsh/.profile /Users/hsh/.bash_profile /Users/hsh/.zlogin. Upgrade of RVM in /Users/hsh/.rvm/ is complete. /Users/hsh/.zshrc:2:export PATH export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin * WARNING: Above files contains PATH= with no $PATH inside, this can break RVM, for details check https://github.com/rvm/rvm/issues/1351#issuecomment-10939525 to avoid this warning prepend $PATH Thanks for installing RVM 🙏 Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM. 👉 Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate RVM reloaded!
安装或更新Ruby
查看当前的
ruby版本：rvm list；-
列出
ruby可安装的版本信息：rvm list known：执行结果：
# MRI Rubies [ruby-]1.8.6[-p420] [ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head [ruby-]1.9.1[-p431] [ruby-]1.9.2[-p330] [ruby-]1.9.3[-p551] [ruby-]2.0.0[-p648] [ruby-]2.1[.10] [ruby-]2.2[.10] [ruby-]2.3[.8] [ruby-]2.4[.10] [ruby-]2.5[.8] [ruby-]2.6[.6] [ruby-]2.7[.2] [ruby-]3[.0.0] ruby-head # for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2 ..... 安装
ruby：rvm install 3.0.0；注意：如果你电脑没有安装Xcode和Command Line Tools for Xcode以及Homebrew 会自动下载安装,建议提前安装这三者.设为默认：
rvm use 3.0.0 --default；
注意：
1）use后面放rvm list安装的版本，能够直接放2.5.1，也能够放rvm list出来的全名
2）--default设置默认版本，若是不加这个字段，则只是在当前控制台临时设置版本
更换Ruby源
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更换
ruby源：在终端执行如下：sudo gem update --system gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ -
验证你的
Ruby镜像是并且仅是ruby-china：gem sources -l：执行结果：
*** CURRENT SOURCES *** https://gems.ruby-china.com/
