1.下载Oracle 11g的安装包
官网下载：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
# wget http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# wget http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
2.安装必须的RPM包
# yum install -y binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
3.创建用户组
# groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba
4.创建用户、配置密码
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
5.修改hosts文件
# vim /etc/hosts
在127.0.0.1以及::1这两行后面添加主机名
6.设置内核参数
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
在文件底部添加如下内容：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
保存退出；
# sysctl -p
7.设置PAM资源限制
# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
在打开的文件底部添加下面内容
oracle soft nproc 10240
oracle hard nproc 65535
oracle soft nofile 10240
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
8.创建安装目录
# su - oracle
$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/
$ chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/
$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/
$ chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory/
9.修改环境变量
$ vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
在文件最后添加以下内容
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTENER
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
注意：ORACLE_SID=orcl 这里是用户自己定义的数据库名称，后面配置需要用到，设置后就不能再改。
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
$ sudo vim /etc/pam.d/login
在打开的文件中添加下面内容(root用户)
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
10.解压Oracle安装文件
$ cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app
$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database
11.备份应答文件
$ cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response
$ mkdir rsp_bak
$ cp *.rsp ./rsp_bak/
12.删除应答文件中以#开头的注释行和空行
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp && sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp
13.配置db_install.rsp
$ echo > db_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#默认即可
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
#主机名称(hostname查询，这里要注意，主机名要在 /etc/hosts 文件中配置好ip对应关系，否则安装会报错)
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory
#INVENTORY目录位置，需填写成自己创建的目录位置
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
#选择支持语言
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#数据库目录地址
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app
#BASE目录地址
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#指定oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
#是否自定义安装，false表示使用默认组件
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
#oper用户组
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
#globalDBName（这里要和第8步配置的sid一致）
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
#SID（这里要和第8步配置的sid一致）
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#使用的编码格式
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024
#自动管理的内存大小(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=sskm2017
#设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#设置安全更新(貌似是有bug，这个一定要选true，否则会无限提醒邮件地址有问题，终止安装。PS：不管地址对不对)
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
$ cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database
$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/db_install.rsp
14.运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh
1）执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限
$ su - root
# cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory
# ./orainstRoot.sh
脚本执行后主要进行的操作：更改权限/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory.添加组的读取和写入权限。删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。更改组名/home/oracle/oracle_11g/oraInventory 到 oinstall.
(2)执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh
执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车。
# cd /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
# ./root.sh
Check /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_m22p135_2017-08-07_16-39-28.log for the output of root script
15.添加Oracle环境变量
# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/libexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
16.配置静默监听
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control: /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
17.静默安装数据库
$ echo> /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/dbca.rsp
$ vim /home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/database/response/dbca.rsp
#添加如下配置
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"
SYSPASSWORD="123456"
SYSTEMPASSWORD="123456"
18.测试数据库
(1)、启动数据库
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.1.0ProductiononMonAug7 17:09:502017Copyright(c) 1982, 2009,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.1.0-64bitProductionWiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions
SQL> start
SP2-1506:START, @or@@ command hasnoarguments
注：可以使用show parameter；或者select table_name from dba_tables命令看看是否运行正常
(2)、监听检查
$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 07-AUG-2017 17:12:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStartDate07-AUG-201717:01:30Uptime0days0hr.10min.29secTraceLeveloffSecurityON:LocalOSAuthenticationSNMPOFFListener ParameterFile/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListenerLogFile/home/oracle/oracle_11g/app/diag/tnslsnr/m22p135/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=m22p135)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service"orcl"has1instance(s).Instance"orcl",statusREADY, has1handler(s)forthis service...Service"orclXDB"has1instance(s).Instance"orcl",statusREADY, has1handler(s)forthis service...The command completed successfully
启动监听：lsnrctl start
查看监听：lsnrctl status
停止监听：lsnrctl stop
实例应该被动态注册到监听程序了. 到此oracle安装建库完毕!
