文章大纲
一、 什么是Fragment
二、 Fragment生命周期
三、 Fragment简单实例
四、Fragment实战
五、项目源码下载
六、参考文章
一、 什么是Fragment
Fragment是Android3.0后引入的一个新的API,他出现的初衷是为了适应大屏幕的平板电脑, 当然现在他仍然是平板APP UI设计的宠儿,而且我们普通手机开发也会加入这个Fragment, 我们可以把他看成一个小型的Activity,又称Activity片段!想想,如果一个很大的界面,我们 就一个布局,写起界面来会有多麻烦,而且如果组件多的话是管理起来也很麻烦!而使用Fragment 我们可以把屏幕划分成几块,然后进行分组,进行一个模块化的管理!从而可以更加方便的在 运行过程中动态地更新Activity的用户界面!另外Fragment并不能单独使用,他需要嵌套在Activity 中使用,尽管他拥有自己的生命周期,但是还是会受到宿主Activity的生命周期的影响,比如Activity 被destory销毁了,他也会跟着销毁!
下图是文档中给出的一个Fragment分别对应手机与平板间不同情况的处理图:
二、 Fragment生命周期
走一次生命周期图
①Activity加载Fragment的时候,依次调用下面的方法: onAttach -> onCreate -> onCreateView -> onActivityCreated -> onStart ->onResume
②当我们弄出一个悬浮的对话框风格的Activity,或者其他,就是让Fragment所在的Activity可见,但不获得焦点 onPause
③当对话框关闭,Activity又获得了焦点: onResume
④当我们替换Fragment,并调用addToBackStack()将他添加到Back栈中 onPause -> onStop -> onDestoryView !!注意,此时的Fragment还没有被销毁哦!!!
⑤当我们按下键盘的回退键,Fragment会再次显示出来: onCreateView -> onActivityCreated -> onStart -> onResume
⑥如果我们替换后,在事务commit之前没有调用addToBackStack()方法将 Fragment添加到back栈中的话;又或者退出了Activity的话,那么Fragment将会被完全结束, Fragment会进入销毁状态 onPause -> onStop -> onDestoryView -> onDestory -> onDetach
三、 Fragment简单实例
1. 创建Fragment
静态加载Fragment
实现流程:
定义Fragment的布局,就是fragment显示内容的,方法是自定义一个Fragment类,需要继承Fragment或者他的子类,重写onCreateView()方法 在该方法中调用:inflater.inflate()方法加载Fragment的布局文件,接着返回加载的view对象,具体代码如下所示:
public class Fragmentone extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container,false);
return view;
}
}
在需要加载Fragment的Activity对应的布局文件中添加fragment的标签, 记住,name属性是全限定类名哦,就是要包含Fragment的包名,如下所示:
<fragment
android:id="@+id/fragment1"
android:name="com.jay.example.fragmentdemo.Fragmentone"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1" />
Activity在onCreate( )方法中调用setContentView()加载布局文件即可!
动态加载Fragment
实现流程:
MainActivity的关键代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Display dis = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
if(dis.getWidth() > dis.getHeight())
{
Fragment1 f1 = new Fragment1();
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.LinearLayout1, f1).commit();
}
else
{
Fragment2 f2 = new Fragment2();
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.LinearLayout1, f2).commit();
}
}
}
2. Fragment管理与Fragment事务
3. Fragment与Activity的交互
四、Fragment实战
1. TextView+Fragment实现底部导航
2. RadioGroup + RadioButton+Fragment实现底部导航
3. LinearLayout+RelativeLayout+TextView+Fragment实现底部导航(重点讲解)
运行效果图如下所示
drawable系列的资源
文字资源:tab_menu_text.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:color="@color/text_yellow" android:state_selected="true" />
<item android:color="@color/text_gray" />
</selector>
图标资源:tab_menu_better.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:drawable="@mipmap/tab_better_pressed" android:state_selected="true" />
<item android:drawable="@mipmap/tab_better_normal" />
</selector>
activity的布局代码
style.xml
<style name="tab_menu_text">
<item name="android:layout_marginTop">5dp</item>
<item name="android:layout_width">wrap_content</item>
<item name="android:layout_height">48dp</item>
<item name="android:layout_centerInParent">true</item>
<item name="android:textColor">@drawable/tab_menu_text</item>
</style>
<style name="tab_menu_bgnum">
<item name="android:layout_width">20dp</item>
<item name="android:layout_height">20dp</item>
<item name="android:background">@mipmap/bg_num</item>
<item name="android:layout_marginLeft">-10dp</item>
<item name="android:textSize">12sp</item>
<item name="android:gravity">center</item>
<item name="android:textColor">@color/text_white</item>
</style>
activity.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_top_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="48dp"
android:background="@color/bg_topbar">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/txt_topbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="信息"
android:textColor="@color/text_topbar"
android:textSize="18sp" />
<View
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="2px"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:background="@color/div_white" />
</RelativeLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_tab_menu"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="56dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:background="@color/bg_white"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_tab_menu_channel"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="5dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_channel"
style="@style/tab_menu_text"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_channel"
android:text="@string/tab_menu_alert" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_channel_num"
style="@style/tab_menu_bgnum"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tab_menu_channel"
android:text="99+"
android:visibility="gone" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_tab_menu_message"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="5dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_message"
style="@style/tab_menu_text"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_message"
android:text="@string/tab_menu_profile" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_message_num"
style="@style/tab_menu_bgnum"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tab_menu_message"
android:text="99+"
android:visibility="gone" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_tab_menu_better"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="5dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_better"
style="@style/tab_menu_text"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_better"
android:text="@string/tab_menu_pay" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_better_num"
style="@style/tab_menu_bgnum"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tab_menu_better"
android:text="99+"
android:visibility="gone" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_tab_menu_setting"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="5dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_setting"
style="@style/tab_menu_text"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_setting"
android:text="@string/tab_menu_alert" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/tab_menu_setting_partner"
android:layout_width="12dp"
android:layout_height="12dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="-5dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tab_menu_setting"
android:visibility="gone"
android:src="@mipmap/partner_red" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
<View
android:id="@+id/div_tab_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="2px"
android:layout_above="@id/ly_tab_menu"
android:background="@color/div_white" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/ly_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_above="@id/div_tab_bar"
android:layout_below="@id/ly_top_bar"/>
</RelativeLayout>
编写Fragment界面布局以及类
fg_my.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="5dp">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_one"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="第一个显示信息"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_two"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="第二个显示信息"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_three"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="第三个显示信息"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_four"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="第四个显示信息"/>
</LinearLayout>
自定义的Fragment类,这里的话我们通过getActivity.findViewById()来获得Activity 中的小红点,这里仅仅是简单的控制显示而已! MyFragment.java代码如下所示:
public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener{
private Context mContext;
private Button btn_one;
private Button btn_two;
private Button btn_three;
private Button btn_four;
public MyFragment() {
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_my,container,false);
//UI Object
btn_one = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_one);
btn_two = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_two);
btn_three = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_three);
btn_four = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_four);
//Bind Event
btn_one.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_two.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_three.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_four.setOnClickListener(this);
return view;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.btn_one:
TextView tab_menu_channel_num = (TextView) getActivity ().findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_channel_num);
tab_menu_channel_num.setText("11");
tab_menu_channel_num.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.btn_two:
TextView tab_menu_message_num = (TextView) getActivity ().findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_message_num);
tab_menu_message_num.setText("20");
tab_menu_message_num.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.btn_three:
TextView tab_menu_better_num = (TextView) getActivity ().findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_better_num);
tab_menu_better_num.setText("99+");
tab_menu_better_num.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.btn_four:
ImageView tab_menu_setting_partner = (ImageView) getActivity ().findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_setting_partner);
tab_menu_setting_partner.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;
}
}
}
编写MainActivity
MainActivity.java
/**
* Created by Coder-pig on 2015/8/30 0030.
*/
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
//Activity UI Object
private LinearLayout ly_tab_menu_channel;
private TextView tab_menu_channel;
private TextView tab_menu_channel_num;
private LinearLayout ly_tab_menu_message;
private TextView tab_menu_message;
private TextView tab_menu_message_num;
private LinearLayout ly_tab_menu_better;
private TextView tab_menu_better;
private TextView tab_menu_better_num;
private LinearLayout ly_tab_menu_setting;
private TextView tab_menu_setting;
private ImageView tab_menu_setting_partner;
private FragmentManager fManager;
private FragmentTransaction fTransaction;
private MyFragment fg1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
bindViews();
ly_tab_menu_channel.performClick();
fg1 = new MyFragment();
fManager = getFragmentManager();
fTransaction = fManager.beginTransaction();
fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content, fg1).commit();
}
private void bindViews() {
ly_tab_menu_channel = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ly_tab_menu_channel);
tab_menu_channel = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_channel);
tab_menu_channel_num = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_channel_num);
ly_tab_menu_message = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ly_tab_menu_message);
tab_menu_message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_message);
tab_menu_message_num = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_message_num);
ly_tab_menu_better = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ly_tab_menu_better);
tab_menu_better = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_better);
tab_menu_better_num = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_better_num);
ly_tab_menu_setting = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ly_tab_menu_setting);
tab_menu_setting = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_setting);
tab_menu_setting_partner = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.tab_menu_setting_partner);
ly_tab_menu_channel.setOnClickListener(this);
ly_tab_menu_message.setOnClickListener(this);
ly_tab_menu_better.setOnClickListener(this);
ly_tab_menu_setting.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.ly_tab_menu_channel:
setSelected();
tab_menu_channel.setSelected(true);
tab_menu_channel_num.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.ly_tab_menu_message:
setSelected();
tab_menu_message.setSelected(true);
tab_menu_message_num.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.ly_tab_menu_better:
setSelected();
tab_menu_better.setSelected(true);
tab_menu_better_num.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.ly_tab_menu_setting:
setSelected();
tab_menu_setting.setSelected(true);
tab_menu_setting_partner.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
}
}
//重置所有文本的选中状态
private void setSelected() {
tab_menu_channel.setSelected(false);
tab_menu_message.setSelected(false);
tab_menu_better.setSelected(false);
tab_menu_setting.setSelected(false);
}
}
4. ViewPager+Fragment实现滑动切换页面
五、项目源码下载
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1FogcPO15C-3NPCEiGCSmvg
提取码:bktf
六、参考文章
http://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/android-tutorial-fragment-demo3.html