1962年,商学院毕业后,背上行囊周游世界;
向父亲借了50美金,创立公司,把日本当时高质量的跑鞋进口到美国;
没有店铺,没有员工,后备厢里放满了跑鞋,开始销售;
第一年毛利润达到8000美元,此后每年的利润成两倍以上增长;
2017财年的营业收入达到344亿美元,
创造这一切的人名叫Phil Knight,
他创立的品牌Nike早已家喻户晓。
但在阅读这位商业巨子Phil Knight的传记Shoe Dog的过程中,我丝毫感受不到他的“辉煌”和“骄傲”。当然,从他列出的数字中可以看到Nike惊人的增长速度,也可以从他的讲述中体会到一个创业者从白手起家到声名远扬的喜悦。但字里行间,我读到更多的是他一路走来的艰辛和不易。
全书几乎每一章都在叙述Phil Knight和他的团队遇到的各种各样的问题。这些问题真是接踵而来,往往是在他们成功解决一个问题之后,另一个新的问题又会冒出来,令人应接不暇。开始是代理日本Tiger跑鞋过程中的问题。文化不同、沟通不畅,终于签下了代理协议,又出来一个比自己更有优势的竞争对手。等到代理权的问题解决了,又要面对对方发货不准时,数量常常搞错的问题。还要在银行不但不批更多贷款支持公司发展,反而要以停止放贷、限制发展的情况下,解决销售量不断增长和现金流极度短缺的矛盾。好不容易一切走上正轨,又迎来了日本公司的一纸诉状,要求终止合同,并索要大笔赔偿。熬过了官司,被迫创立自己的品牌,要面对的问题就更多了。找工厂、仓库、门店,设计质量更高、款式更新的运动鞋。找了有望奥运会拿奖牌的运动员代言,却发现最后一分钟该运动员换上了其他品牌的跑鞋跑完全程,而最支持自己的天才运动员又在一场车祸中丧生。悲伤情绪还未平复,美国政府要求支付25000000美元关税的通知又来了。由于对手的恶意竞争,不得不绞尽脑汁跟强大的政府斗智斗勇......
我一边读Phil Knight这些一个又一个的问题,一边在想,创业的过程其实就是不断面对问题,再不断解决问题的过程。脱离了稳定的就业环境,承担几乎所有的责任,冒着一个决策失误就可能全军覆没的风险,这比夹缝求生更严酷。因为夹缝求生至少还有夹缝,创业有时真的是要在连缝都没有的情况下,凿出一条缝来。期间的痛苦和艰辛自然不是非创业者能够体会的。而能持续支撑创业者不断前行、不放弃的也绝不是物质的刺激,而一定是对所做之事的热爱。Phil Knight是运动爱好者,中学、大学都参加田径队,毕业后也一直保持跑步的习惯。他在以跑者的心态来做商业。他写道:When you run around an oval track, or down an empty road, you have no real destination. At least, none that can fully justify the effort. The act itself becomes the destination. It's not just that there's no finish line; it's that you define the finish line. Whatever pleasures or gains you derive from the act of running, you must find them within, It's all in how you frame it, how you sell it to yourself. Every runner knows this. You run and run, mile after mile, and you never quite know why. You tell yourself that you are running toward some goal, chashing some rush, but really you run because the alternative, stopping scares you to death.(在绕着椭圆形跑道或道路跑步时,根本不存在真正的目的地,至少没有任何东西可以完全证明个人努力的合理性。跑步这个动作本身就是目的地,不仅是因为没有终点线,也是因为你可以自己定义终点。不论你从跑步中获得何种愉悦或收获,你都必须将它们发掘出来。这完全取决于你如何设计它,如何接纳它。 每个跑者都清楚这一点。你不停地跑步,一段接着一段,却不太清楚为什么而跑。你告诉自己跑步是为了某个目标,追求某种刺激,但你跑步的真正原因却是停下来会让你感觉到死亡的恐惧。)就是这种一直向前的跑者心态让Phil Knight可以冲破一切阻碍,执着于坚持。
在读Shoe Dog的过程中,我发了一条朋友圈:“做事情还是要有情怀的(英文说belief更合适),否则真的持久不了,还很容易陷入到烦躁的情绪中去。”如果对要做的事情没有足够的热爱,如果没有高于利益的东西作支撑,创业一定是充满痛苦和挫败的。没有人能够在长期的高压之下坚持很久。正如作者写道:Each new day brought fifty new problems, fifty tough decision that needed to be made, right now, and we were always acurately aware that one rash move, one wrong decision could be the end......Foe some, I realize, business is the all-out pursuit of profits, period, full stop, but for us business was no more about making money than being human is about making blood. Yes, the human body needs blood. It needs manufacture red and white cells and platelets and redistribute them evenly, smoothly, to all the right places, on time, or else. But that day-to-day business of the human body isn't our mission as human beings. It's a basic process that enables our higher aims, and life always strives to transcend the basic processes of living - and at some point in the late 1970s, I did, too. I redefined winning, expanded it beyond my original defination of not losing, of merely staying alive. That was no longer enough to sustain me, or my company. We wanted, as all great businesses do, to create, to contribute, and we dared to say so aloud. When you make something, when you improve something, when you deliver something, when you add some new thing or service to the lives of strangers, making them happier, or healthier, or safer, or better, and when you do it all crisply and efficiently, smartly, the way everything should be done but so seldom is—you’re participating more fully in the whole grand human drama. More than simply alive, you’re helping other to live more fully, and if that’s business, all right, call me a businessman.( 每当新一天到来时,都会有50跟新问题出现在我们面前,50个艰难的决定需要我们立即做出。我们都十分清楚,一次轻率的举动、一个错误的决定都会让我们走到尽头。容许犯错误的余地从来都是越来越小,但利益却从来都是在慢慢增加。我们都坚信这里的“利益”不仅仅是“金钱”。从某种角度上看,我觉得生意就是最大程度地追求收益、周期和结果;而对我们来说,生意就像人类制造血液。没错,人类的身体需要血液,需要生产红细胞、白细胞和血小板,并流畅地及时平均分配到合适的地方。但是人类身体的日常工作并不是人类的使命,它只是一个生存的基本过程,而人总是努力超越这个基本过程而实现更高的目标。20世纪70年代的某一时刻,我也是这样做的。我重新定义了胜利,对我原来认为“获胜就是不输,就是活着”的看法进行了扩展。原来的看法已经不足以支撑我或我的公司。我们想和所有大企业一样,想要创造,想要奉献,我们敢于把这些大声说出来。当你创造了某项事物;当你改进了某样东西;当你传递了某种思想;当你为陌生人的生活增添了一些新事物或服务,让他们更开心、健康、安全和满意;但你干净利落地按照理所应当的方式解决上述问题,而其他人做不到,你就会更多地参与到宏伟的人类大舞台上。只是活着还不够,你还要帮助其他人活得更加充实,如果这算生意的话,那么,请叫我生意人。)
虽然一直在面对问题、解决问题中前行,但Phil Knight无疑也是幸运的。他的团队成员,虽然不全都像他一样是运动爱好者,但每个人在工作中都有支撑自己的热情所在。核心团队中没有一个人是单纯为了金钱在工作。他们虽性格迥异,但都有一颗不服输的心。即使看似已无任何出路,也不放弃,拼命要走出一条路来。这个核心团队把自己称为Buttface,离了谁,nike都不会走到今天。Phil Knight在书中是这样说的:Hayes couldn’t become a partner because he was too fat. Johnson couldn’t cope in the so-called normal world of nine-to-five. Strasser was an insurance lawyer who hated insurance—and lawyers. Woodell lost all his youthful dreams in one fluke accident. I got cut from the baseball team. And I got my heart broken.I identified with the born loser in each Buttface, and vice versa, and I knew that together we could become winners.每个人都曾是失败者,但因为竞技所燃起的热情走在一起,就能成为赢家。在Buttface的成员中,我格外喜欢nike的第一位全职员工Jeff Johnson。在Phil委派对管理工厂毫无经验的Johnson去管理他们在Exeter的工厂时,他写道:He(Jeff)didn't know anything about running a factory, but he was willing to try. To learn.愿意去尝试,去学习,无论什么时候,都是一个人重要的特质。即使在最低的起点,也能让一个人迅速崛起。
这本书的名字叫Shoe Dog,作者是这样解释这个词的:Shoe dogs were people who devoted themselves wholly to the making, selling, buying, or designing of shoes. Lifers used the phrase cheerfully to describe other lifers, men and women who had toiled so long and hard in the shoe trade, they thought and talked about nothing else.
用一生的时间做好一条鞋狗,人生值得了。