补语
解释为“是”的动词没有叙述能力,只能把主语和构成后面叙述的部分连接起来。
称之为 连缀动词(Linking Verb)
,跟再这种动词后面的部分,补足句子使它获得完整的意思,称之为 补语Complement
感官动词实际上也是系动词,而系动词与形容词连用时一般不加to 而使役动词与情态动词用法相差不大,
如let sb do sth
感官动词和使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时to省略,但被动语态要加to.
这一块可以参照第4章,不定式短语
中文的补语
补语的第一个特点:补语是句子中不可省略的成分。
补语的第二个特点:补语是对宾语动作或状态的补充说明,所以宾语与补语能够组合成一个完整的句子
英文的补语
补语的第一个特点:补语是句子中不可省略的成分
补语的第二个特点:宾语和补语间加入be动词后能够构成一个完整的句子,且该句阐述的信息和原句意图表达的信息基本相同。
I found the homework difficult
.
I asked students to learn dancing
.
She heard Jean singing
.
我们把系动词后边的成分叫做主语补足成分。语法术语又叫做标语
五中句型
S+V 主语+谓语
S+V+O 主谓宾
S+V+C 主谓补
S+V+O+O 主谓宾宾
S+V+O+C 主谓宾补语
连缀动词
be动词直接翻译成是,下面的动词也可以翻译成各种各样的是
凡是接补语的动词,都可以翻译成是,也就是说这些动词都是接补语
look seem appear sound feel taste turn prove become make
The soup is
too hot
That dress looks
pretty --> That dress is pretty
The dog seems
friendly --> The dog is friendly
His demands appear
reasonable --> His demands is reasonable
I feel
sick --> I am sick
The story proved
false --> The story is false
He became
a teacher --> He is a teacher
A nurse makes
a good wife --> A nurse is a good wife
示例分析
S V O O 结构
His father gives him a dog . (他爸爸给了他一条狗)
give sb sth . sth是直接宾语,sb是间接宾语
S V O C 主谓宾补语结构
,
Let us call him Mowgli (让我们叫他莫格利)
莫格利属于him的补充说明
ask somebody to do sth
tell somebody to do sth
want some body to do sth
He tole me to clean the room
Tom wanted me to meet him
疑问句
What did you do?
你干了什么?
如果你以中文的语序改为如下:
- You did what?
祈使句
通常省略主语。
are you 和 do you 的区别
不要说话 (you)Don't talk
放学去我家 (you)Go to my house after scool
起立 (you)Stand up
-
Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way,please. = Go this way,please. 请这边走。
Be型(即:Be +表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good child! 要做一个好孩子!
Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
否定结构
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成:
如:
Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!(是系表结构——也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种——就可以使用Don't be,有行为动词的就不能这么用,只能用Don't。)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!