Docker部署Prometheus并启动

1. 编写Prometheus配置文件

位置：/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

# 全局配置
global:
  # 默认拉取频率
  scrape_interval: 15s
  # 拉取超时时间
  scrape_timeout: 10s
  # 评估规则频率
  evaluation_interval: 15s

# 规则文件配置
rule_files: ['/etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml']

# 告警配置  
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - follow_redirects: true
    scheme: http
    timeout: 10s
    api_version: v2
    static_configs:
    - targets: []

# 拉取配置，添加监控项
scrape_configs:

# 监控prometheus
- job_name: prometheus
  metrics_path: /metrics
  static_configs:
  - targets:
    - localhost:9090

# 监控ip是否能ping通
- job_name: icmp_ping
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [icmp]
  file_sd_configs:
  - files: ['/etc/prometheus/conf.d/icmp_ping/*.yml']
    refresh_interval: 10s
  relabel_configs:
  - source_labels: [__address__]
    regex: (.*)(:80)?
    target_label: __param_target
    replacement: ${1}
  - source_labels: [__param_target]
    target_label: instance
  - source_labels: [__param_target]
    regex: (.*)
    target_label: ping
    replacement: ${1}
  - source_labels: []
    regex: .*
    target_label: __address__
    replacement: 192.168.7.254:9115

# 监控端口是否能连通
- job_name: tcp_port
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [tcp_connect]
  file_sd_configs:
  - files: ['/etc/prometheus/conf.d/tcp_port/*.yml']
    refresh_interval: 10s
  relabel_configs:
  - source_labels: [__address__]
    target_label: __param_target
  - source_labels: [__param_target]
    target_label: instance
  - target_label: __address__
    replacement: 192.168.7.254:9115 

# 监控get请求
- job_name: http_get
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  file_sd_configs: 
  - files: ['/etc/prometheus/conf.d/http_get/*.yml']
    refresh_interval: 10s
  relabel_configs:
  - source_labels: [__address__]
    target_label: __param_target
  - source_labels: [__param_target]
    target_label: instance
  - target_label: __address__
    replacement: 192.168.7.254:9115

# 监控post请求
- job_name: http_post
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_post_2xx]
  file_sd_configs: 
  - files: ['/etc/prometheus/conf.d/http_post/*.yml']
    refresh_interval: 10s
  relabel_configs:
  - source_labels: [__address__]
    target_label: __param_target
  - source_labels: [__param_target]
    target_label: instance
  - target_label: __address__
    replacement: 192.168.7.254:9115

# 监控post请求，有参数{"token":"prometheus_post_check_token"}
- job_name: http_post_with_token
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_post_2xx_with_prometheus_post_check_token]
  file_sd_configs:
  - files: ['/etc/prometheus/conf.d/http_post_with_token/*.yml']
    refresh_interval: 10s
  relabel_configs:
  - source_labels: [__address__]
    target_label: __param_target
  - source_labels: [__param_target]
    target_label: instance
  - target_label: __address__
    replacement: 192.168.7.254:9115

2. 运行启动命令

docker run --name prometheus \
    -p 0.0.0.0:9090:9090 \
    -v /etc/prometheus:/etc/prometheus \
    --restart=always \
    -itd ubuntu/prometheus:latest \
    --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.enable-lifecycle

安装blackbox_exporter

很必要，有这个可以监控web是否200、机器是否能ping通等

一、Docker安装blackbox_exporter（建议）

1. 编写blackbox_exporter配置文件

位置：/etc/blackbox-exporter/blackbox.yml

modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
  http_post_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
  tcp_connect:
    prober: tcp
  pop3s_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^+OK"
      tls: true
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false
  grpc:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: true
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
  grpc_plain:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: false
      service: "service1"
  ssh_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
      - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"
  irc_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - send: "NICK prober"
      - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
      - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
        send: "PONG ${1}"
      - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
  icmp:
    prober: icmp

  # 自定义配置
  http_post_2xx_with_prometheus_post_check_token:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json   #添加头部
      body: '{"token":"prometheus_post_check_token"}'  #发送的相关数据

2. 执行运行命令自动安装

docker run --name prometheus-blackbox-exporter \
    -p 0.0.0.0:9115:9115 \
    -v /etc/blackbox-exporter/blackbox.yml:/opt/bitnami/blackbox-exporter/blackbox.yml \
    --restart=always \
    -itd bitnami/blackbox-exporter:latest

二、源码安装blackbox_exporter（不建议，还是用docker安装方便）

1. 到github下载black_expoter最新安装包

https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases

2. 解压

tar -xvf blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz 

3. 移动位置

mv blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/blackbox_exporter

4. 查看版本，看是否安装成功

/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --version

5. 添加service文件

sudo vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service

写入

[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter
  
[Service]
User=root
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
Restart=on-failure

6. 添加开机启动，并马上启动服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now blackbox_exporter

7. 查看服务状态

sudo systemctl status blackbox_exporter

8. 查看black_expoter的端口9115是否启动

sudo netstat -tunlp