/* 常用拷贝和替换算法
*
* copy
* 将容器中指定范围内的元素拷贝到另一容器中;
* 函数原型:`copy(iterator beg, iterator end, iterator dest beg);`;
* - iterator beg 和 iterator end指定要复制的源容器的范围;
* - iterator dest beg目标容器迭代器起始位置;
* 注:这里需要先给目标容器开辟空间储存复制的元素.
*
*
* replace
* 将容器指定范围内的旧元素替换为新元素;
* 函数原型:`replace(iterator beg, iterator end, old, new);`
* - iterator beg 和 iterator end指定要替换的元素的范围;
* - old 和 new 指定替换值;
*
*
* replace_if
* 将区间内满足条件的元素替换成指定元素;
* 函数原型:`replace_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _Pred, newvalue);`;
* - iterator beg 和 iterator end指定要替换的元素的范围;
* - _Pred 谓词判断哪些元素要替换;
* - newvalue指定要替换的新值;
*
*
* swap
* 互换两个容器的元素
* 函数原型:`swap(container1, container2);`;
* - container1, container2 两个待交换的容器;
* 注:
* (1)这里需要先给目标容器开辟空间储存复制的元素;
* (2)两个容器元素类型应该相同;
*/
一个栗子:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
using namespace std;
// 一元谓词
class GT500{
public:
GT500(int mark){
this->m_mark = mark;
}
bool operator()(int val){
return val>this->m_mark;
}
int m_mark;
};
void CreateVec(vector<int> &v){
// srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); 旧版生成随机数方法,弃用
std::random_device rd; // Will be used to obtain a seed for the random number engine
std::mt19937 gen(rd()); // Standard mersenne_twister_engine seeded with rd()
std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0, 1000);
for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
int a = dist(gen); // 使用新的产生随机数的方式
v.push_back(a);
}
}
class myPrint{
public:
void operator()(int val){
cout << val << " ";
}
};
int main(){
vector<int> v1;
vector<int> v2;
CreateVec(v1);
cout << "容器1:" << endl;
for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
// 拷贝
cout << "替换前:" << endl;
v2.resize(v1.size());
copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin());
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
// 替换
cout << "替换后:" << endl;
replace_if(v2.begin(), v2.end(), GT500(500), 1000);
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
// 交换v1 v2
cout << "swap v1 v2前:" << endl;
for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
cout << "swap v1 v2后:" << endl;
swap(v1, v2);
for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), myPrint());
cout << endl;
}
输出:
容器1:
856 487 227 911 489 173 420 972 911 591
替换前:
856 487 227 911 489 173 420 972 911 591
替换后:
1000 487 227 1000 489 173 420 1000 1000 1000
swap v1 v2前:
856 487 227 911 489 173 420 972 911 591
1000 487 227 1000 489 173 420 1000 1000 1000
swap v1 v2后:
1000 487 227 1000 489 173 420 1000 1000 1000
856 487 227 911 489 173 420 972 911 591