useContext和useReducer 可以用来减少层级使用, useContext,可以理解为供货商提供一个公共的共享值,然后下面的消费者去接受共享值,只有一个供货商,而有多个消费者,可以达到共享的状态改变的目的。
useReducer 可以和 useContext 配合使用,useReducer 可以理解为所有的公共组件共享状态。有多个组件,但是都要共享同一个状态和改变状态后的值,这时候就需要公共的useReducer来改变了。
下面通过代码具体讲解如何使用useContext 和useReducer
一. useContext基本使用可以分为固定的三步
1.根组件导入并调用createContext方法,得到Context对象
import React, { useContext } from 'react'
const GlobalContext = React.createContext()
2.在根组件中使用 Provider 组件包裹需要接收数据的后代组件,并通过 value 属性提供要共享的数据
<GlobalContext.Provider value={
{
title: "12313",
info: info,
changeInfo: (value) => {
setInfo(value)
}
}
}
>
</GlobalContext.Provider>
3.需要获取公共数据的后代组件:
a) 导入useContext,并按需导入根组件中导出的Context对象;
b) 调用useContext(第一步中导出的Context) 得到value的值
a)
const value = useContext(GlobalContext)
return (
<div onClick={() => { value.changeInfo(context); }}>
{value.title}
</div>
)
b)
return (
<GlobalContext.Consumer>
{
(value) =>
<div className='business-product-details' >
{value.info}
</div>
}
</GlobalContext.Consumer>
)
4.完整例子
import React, { useState, useEffect, useContext } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'
import './css/index.css'
const GlobalContext = React.createContext()
export default function app() {
const [list, setlist] = useState([])
const [info, setInfo] = useState("")
useEffect(() => {
axios.get("./test.json").then(res => {
setlist(res.data[2].list)
})
}, [])
return (
<GlobalContext.Provider value={
{
title: "12313",
info: info,
changeInfo: (value) => {
setInfo(value)
}
}}>
<div className="w-warp">
<div className="business-why">
<div className='business-ul'>
{
list && list.map((item, index) =>
<ReasonLi key={index} {...item} ></ReasonLi>
)
}
</div>
<ReasonDetails />
</div>
</div>
</GlobalContext.Provider>
)
}
function ReasonLi(props) {
let { name, url, context } = props
const value = useContext(GlobalContext)
return (
<div className="business-product" onClick={() => { value.changeInfo(context); }}>
<div className='business-img'><img src={url} alt={name} /></div>
<h5>{name}</h5>
</div>
)
}
function ReasonDetails() {
return (
<GlobalContext.Consumer>
{
(value) =>
<div className='business-product-details' >
{value.info}
</div>
}
</GlobalContext.Consumer>
)
}
二. useReducer基本使用可以分为固定的三步
1.页面引入 useReducer 并且创建相关对象
import React, { useReducer} from 'react'
父组件创建
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, intialState)
2.页面根组件定义reducer的函数和初始状态值intialState
reducer里面包含两个参数(prevState,action) 之前状态值和 操作改变的类型
定义初始状态值 intialState 可以是对象包含多个值
const reducer=(prevState,action) => {
console.log(prevState,acton) // count:0 ,action.type:minus
}
const intialState = {
count:0
}
const intialState = {
count:0
}
3.父组件定义相关的dispatch状态改变操作类型
<button onClick={() => {
dispatch({
type: "minus"
})
}}>-</button>
4.完整例子
import React, { useReducer } from 'react'
const reducer=(prevState,action) => {
const newState = {...prevState}
switch (action.type) {
case 'minus':
newState.count--;
return newState ;
case 'add':
newState.count++;
return newState
default: return newState
}
}
const intialState = {
count:0
}
export default function app() {
const [state,dispatch] = useReducer(reducer,intialState)
return (
<div>
<button onClick={() => {
dispatch({
type: "minus"
})
}}>-</button>
{state.count}
<button onClick={() => {
dispatch({
type: "add"
})
}}>+</button>
</div>
)
}
这个一个简单的数字加加和减减,根据的是action的类型判断状态的改变。下面看一个例子是useReducer结合useContext使用的例子。如果共享状态值和共享改变后的状态值。
如下效果
其中两个按钮是组件1,child2 和child3 为组件2 和组件3 ,通过组件1的操作改变组件2和组件3的值共享之前的状态和改变之后的状态,具体demo如下
import React, { useReducer, useContext } from 'react'
const intialState = {
a: "1111",
b: "22222"
}
const reducer = (prevState, action) => {
let newState = { ...prevState }
switch (action.type) {
case "child2":
newState.a = "aaaa";
return newState;
case "child3":
newState.b = "bbbb";
return newState;
default: return newState;
}
}
const GlobalContext = React.createContext()
export default function app() {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, intialState)
return (
<GlobalContext.Provider value={
{
state: state,
dispatch: dispatch
}
}>
<div>
<Child1></Child1>
<Child2></Child2>
<Child3></Child3>
</div>
</GlobalContext.Provider>)
}
function Child1() {
const value = useContext(GlobalContext)
return (<div>
<button onClick={() => {
value.dispatch({ type: "child2" })
}}>改变child2</button>
<button onClick={() => {
value.dispatch({ type: "child3" })
}}>改变child3</button>
</div>
)
}
function Child2() {
const value = useContext(GlobalContext)
return (
<div style={{ background: "yellow" }}>
Child2 {value.state.a}
</div>
)
}
function Child3() {
const value = useContext(GlobalContext)
return (
<div style={{ background: "blue" }}>
Child3 {value.state.b}
</div>
)
}