前言
在如今这个拼颜值的社会,app不光要运行流畅,更要用优美的界面来吸引用户,有时候总感觉官方提供的控件远远不能满足我们的需求,我们需要自己动手去自定义一些view。
说到自定义view,相信很多人都比较头疼了,当然我也不擅长这个。最让我头疼的应该就算是view的事件分发了(说了这么多废话,终于进入正题了),废话不多说,本文会对view的事件分发机制做一个详细的说明。
当我们点击了一个按钮,系统内部到底发生了什么
一个完整的点击事件是有多个MotionEvent事件构成的,当手指按下屏幕,会伴随着一个ACTION_DOWN事件;手指在屏幕上滑动,会伴随一个或多个ACTION_MOVE事件;手指抬起则会产生一个ACTION_UP事件,从ACTION_DOWN到ACTION_UP成为一个事件序列。
Activity作为四大组件之一,我们与app的交互都要依赖与它,点击事件自然是最先传递到Activity的dispatchTouchEvent中(talk is cheap,上代码)
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
onUserInteraction();
}
if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
return true;
}
return onTouchEvent(ev);
}
Activity中具体的分发工作交给了Window,如果返回true,整个事件循环就结束了,返回false则代表没人处理,所有的onTouchEvent都返回false,那么activity的onTouchEvent会被调用。
那么看一下Window中是如何分发事件的
public abstract boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event);
Window中的分发事件的方法是一个抽象方法,我们就要找到哪里实现了这个方法。而这个方法的实现是在PhoneWindow中,PhoneWindow是Window的唯一实现,看PhoneWindow中的代码
@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
代码比较清晰,PhoneWindow将事件又传递给了DectorView,这里先看一下Activity,Window和Decorview之间的关系吧
每个Activity都对应一个Window,这个Window窗口的唯一实例就是PhoneWindow,PhoneWindow对应的布局则是DecorView,它继承自FrameLayout,是一个ViewGroup,DecorView里面又分为两部分,actionBar和contentView,而contentView就是我们在Activity中setContentView设置的布局。
通过这个图,我们也了解了他们之间的关系,下面继续说事件的分发传递。
此时事件已经传递给DecorView,它其实就是一个ViewGroup,
public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements ... {
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
}
从这里开始,事件就传递到了顶级View,而我们最关注的点就是从顶级View开始到各个子view之间的事件是如何分发的。一般顶级View都是ViewGroup,会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法,这里只看一下关键代码
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
final boolean intercepted;
//分两种情况拦截事件,事件类型为ACTION_DOWN或者mFirstTouchTarget != null
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
intercepted = true;
}
当事件为ACTION_DOWN时,首先会重设一些状态,resetTouchState()方法会将mFirstTouchTarget置为空,FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT重置,
ViewGroup是否拦截事件分为两种情况,当事件为ACTION_DOWN或mFirstTouchTarget != null时,这个mFirstTouchTarget是什么?mFirstTouchTarget是判断是否有子view消费了当前事件,若消费则会通过newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign)对mFirstTouchTarget赋值,具体会在下面说明
接下来看一下FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT这个参数,FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT可以通过requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法设置,一般用于子view,如果子view设置了FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT,ViewGroup将无法拦截除ACTION_DOWN以外的事件。
为什么是除了ACTION_DOWN以外的事件?上面说了,ACTION_DOWN会重置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT,导致子view设置的这个标记位无效,ViewGroup总是调用onInterceptedTouchEvent询问是否拦截事件。
除去ACTION_DOWN事件, 若子view设置了FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT,intercept = false, 不拦截;否则调用onInterceptTouchEvent询问是否拦截事件, 默认返回false,事件交由子view处理,接着看代码,
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex( childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
// If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
// to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
// normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
// safer given the timeframe.
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
//子view是否可见或是否正在播放动画
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
//点击区域是否落在子view内部
|| !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
}
//如果已经有子view处理过事件序列中的一个事件,则newTouchTarget不为空,跳出当前循环
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
// Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
// Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
//调用child的diapatchTouchEvent方法
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
// Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
if (preorderedList != null) {
// childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
// The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
// the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
遍历ViewGroup的子view,子view如果不可见并且没有播放动画,并且点击区域没有落在子view区域内部,继续遍历下一个子view;接下来这段代码比较有意思,
private TouchTarget getTouchTarget(@NonNull View child) {
for (TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget; target != null; target = target.next) {
if (target.child == child) {
return target;
}
}
return null;
}
分发事件时会先判断newTouchTarget是否为空,那么这个newTouchTarget何时为空,何时不为空呢。还记得本文上面有提到addTouchTarget方法么,事实上mFirstTouchTarget也是在那个时候被赋值的,当某个子view处理了ACTION_DOWN事件,mFirstTouchTarget被设置为当前子view,当这一个事件序列的其他事件分发时,此时再去获取newTouchTarget时,newTouchTarget显然不为空,直接跳出循环,当然首次处理时,mFirstTouchTarget为空,newTouchTarget也为空。
接下来就要了分发过程中最重要的步骤了,放大招
通过将遍历到的子view传入dispatchTransformedTouchEvent方法中(此时child不为空),我们也看一下这个方法的核心源码,
private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
...
final boolean handled;
...
if (child == null) {
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
} else {
...
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
}
return handled;
}
方法中通过child是否为空分为两种情况,当child不为空时,事件就交由子view去处理,这样就完成了一轮事件的分发,如果子view的dispatchTouchEvent返回true,终于在这里看到了addTouchTarget方法,是的,mFirstTouchTarget就是在这里赋值的,结束以后跳出循环。
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) {
final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
mFirstTouchTarget = target;
return target;
}
如果遍历完以后mFirstTouchTarget仍然为空,说明子view的dispatchTouchEvent返回了false或者ViewGroup内没有子元素,此时ViewGroup会自己处理这个点击事件
if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
//传入的child为null,说明没有子view去处理这个事件
handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
}
child == null时,handle = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event),到此,事件就转到了View的dispatchTouchEvent方法中。
那么View是怎么分发事件的
既然到了View,还是要show一下源码
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
...
boolean result = false;
...
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
result = true;
}
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true;
}
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
result = true;
}
}
...
return result;
}
View的dispatchTouchEvent方法中就比ViewGroup的精简了很多,因为View是一个单独的元素,它没有子view的概念,省去了遍历子view分发事件的步骤。从代码可以看出View对事件的处理,首先判断view有没有设置OnTouchListener,如果设置了并且onTouch方法返回true,那么onTouchEvent方法就不会被调用了,若返回false则调用OnTouchEvent方法。接着我们看一下onTouchEvent方法
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final float x = event.getX();
final float y = event.getY();
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
final int action = event.getAction();
//clickable和long_clickable只要有一个为true,就会消费点击事件
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
|| (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
|| (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
// A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
// events, it just doesn't respond to them.
// 此处说明了只要clickable为true,不可用状态也会消费点击事件
return clickable;
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
handleTooltipUp();
}
if (!clickable) {
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
mInContextButtonPress = false;
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
}
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
// take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
// touch mode.
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (prepressed) {
// The button is being released before we actually
// showed it as pressed. Make it show the pressed
// state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
// the user sees it.
setPressed(true, x, y);
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
// This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
removeLongPressCallback();
// Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
if (!focusTaken) {
// Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
// performClick directly. This lets other visual state
// of the view update before click actions start.
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
//ACTION_UP事件触发performClick()
performClickInternal();
}
}
}
if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
}
if (prepressed) {
postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
} else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
// If the post failed, unpress right now
mUnsetPressedState.run();
}
removeTapCallback();
}
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
...
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
通过View的OnTouchEvent方法不难看出,当一个View的clickable或longClickable为true时,即使它处于不可用的状态,也依然会消费点击事件返回true;在ACTION_UP事件发生时,会触发performClick()方法,看一下这个方法的代码
public boolean performClick() {
...
final boolean result;
final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
result = true;
} else {
result = false;
}
...
return result;
}
如果View设置了OnClickLisener,就会调用它的onClick方法,到这里,View的事件分发就结束了,好像还差点什么。
结论
1.一个事件序列以一个ACTION_DOWN开始,中间可能伴随着多个ACTION_MOVE,最后以一个ACTION_UP结束
2.一个事件序列只能被一个view拦截并消费掉,若一个View拦截了ACTION_DOWN,则必定会设置mFirstTouchTarget,其它事件会通过通过getTouchTarget.child获取到子view并交由它处理
3.ViewGroup默认不拦截任何事件
4.View没有onInterceptedTouchEvent方法,View是单独元素,一旦有点击事件传递给它,就会调用它的onTouchEvent方法
5.View 的onTouchEvent方法默认会消耗掉事件(返回true),除非它是不可点击的
6.View的enable属性不影响onTouchEvent的返回值,只要clickable和longclickable有一个为true,它的onTouchEvent就返回true
7.onClick发生的前提是当前view是可点击的,通过setOnClickListener或setOnLongClickListener会默认将clickable或longclickable置为true
8.OnTouchListener, onTouchEvent, onClickListener之前的优先级 OnTouchListener > onTouchEvent > onClickListener