About Sophie：
As an English lover, she is trying to read and translate ** Beyond Feelings ** in spare time recently.
Welcome to correct it and communicate with her.
Thanks a lot.

Sophie's Words：
概述对该书各章节内容进行了简要介绍，同时为读者推荐了该如何便捷地使用该书。
2017/4/25

Introduction

Beyond Feelings is designed to introduce you to the subject of critical thinking. The subject may be new to you because it has not been emphasized in most elementary and secondary schools. In fact, until fairly recently, most colleges gave it little attention. For the past four decades, the dominant emphasis has been on subjectivity rather than objectivity, on feeling rather than on thought.

译文：
【Beyond Feelings】的设计是为了向你介绍批判性思考。对你而言，该主题可能是陌生的，因为在中小学从未强调过它。事实上，也就是直到最近，许多大学都不怎么重视批判性思考。在过去四十年里，主流观点强调的是主观而非客观，感觉而非思考。

elementary and secondary schools 中小学

Over the past several decades, however, a number of studies of America’s schools have criticized the neglect of critical thinking, and a growing number of educators and leaders in business, industry, and the professions have urged the development of new courses and teaching materials to overcome that neglect.

译文：
然而，在那过去几十年里，美国学校的许多研究就批评对批判性思考的忽视，而且越来越多的教育工作者，商业，工业的领导以及专业人员促成了新课程和教学内容的发展进而克服这种对批判性思考的忽视。

It is no exaggeration to say that critical thinking is one of the most important subjects you will study in college regardless of your academic major. The quality of your schoolwork, your efforts in your career, your contributions to community life, your conduct of personal affairs—all will depend on your ability to solve problems and make decisions.

译文：
毫不夸张地说，批判性思考是你在大学里最应该学的最重要的课程之一，不管你的专业是什么。你学校作业的质量，事业中的努力，对社区生活的贡献，对个人事务的管理，都将取决于你解决问题以及做决定的能力。

The book has three main sections. The first, “The Context,” will help you understand such important concepts as individuality, critical thinking, truth, knowledge, opinion, evidence, and argument and overcome attitudes and ideas that obstruct critical thinking. The second section, “The Pitfalls,” will teach you to recognize and avoid the most common errors in thinking. The third section, “A Strategy,” will help you acquire the various skills used in addressing problems and issues. This section includes tips on identifying and overcoming your personal intellectual weaknesses as well as techniques for becoming more observant, clarifying issues, conducting inquiries, evaluating evidence, analyzing other people’s views, and making sound judgments.

译文：
该书有三个主要的部分。
第一部分“内容”，将帮你理解诸如“个体、批判性思考、真相、知识、观点、证据以及论据”等重要概念，同时能帮你克服阻碍批判性思考的“态度”和“想法”。
第二部分“陷阱”，将帮你获得处理大小问题的各种技巧。
第三部分包括一些关于识别及克服个人理智上的缺陷，同时也有关于更加善于观察、澄清问题、实施调查、评估证据、分析他人观点以及作出明智判断的技巧。

obstruct英 [əb'strʌkt] 美 [əb'strʌkt]vt. 妨碍；阻塞；遮断vi. 阻塞；设障碍

Students sometimes get the idea that a textbook must be read page by age and that reading ahead violates some unwritten rule. This notion is mistaken. Students’ background knowledge varies widely; what one student knows very well, another knows only vaguely and a third is totally unfamiliar with. Any time you need or want to look ahead to an explanation in a later chapter, by all means do so. Let’s say you make a statement and a friend says, “That’s relativism, pure and simple.” If you aren’t sure exactly what she means, go to the index, look up “relativism,” proceed to the appropriate page, and find out.

译文：
学生不时从一些适龄读物里获得观点，而且超龄阅读会违反一些不成文的规则；这种想法是错误的。学生是背景知识是变幻很大的；一位学生掌握得很好，可能另一位学生知识模糊知道个大概，第三位学生可能对此完全不熟悉。任何时间你需要或者想要提前看后面章节的解释，尽量做。比如说你做了一个陈述，然后你一个朋友说你“【relativism】,单纯，简单！”如果你不确定她到底说什么，去找索引，查找【relativism】,翻到合适的页面，进行查找。

violates /'vaiəleit/ v.违反，亵渎
unwritten rule 潜规则
notion 英 ['nəʊʃ(ə)n] 美 ['noʃən] n. 概念；见解；打算
proceed to继续下去；进入…；改读…学位

At the end of each chapter, you will find a number of applications to challenge your critical thinking and help you exercise your skills. These applications cover problems and issues both timely and timeless. The final application in each of the first thirteen chapters invites you to examine an especially important issue about which informed opinion is divided.

译文：
在每一章的最后，有一些用来挑战你批判性思考的应用，有助于锻炼你的技能。这些应用包括适时的及不和时宜的问题和争论点。前十三章每一章的最后的应用，你可以检验一个十分重要的议题，关于哪种有见地观点被分离了。

Looking ahead is especially prudent in the case of concepts and procedures relevant to the end-of-chapter applications. One such concept is plagiarism. If you are not completely clear on what constitutes plagiarism, why it is unacceptable, and how to avoid it, take a few minutes right now to learn. Look for the section “Avoiding Plagiarism” toward the end of the Chapter 2. Similarly, if you are not as skilled as you would like to be doing library or Internet research, it would be a good idea to read Chapter 17 now. Doing so could save you a great deal of time and effort completing homework assignments.

译文：
在概念和程序相关的章节末尾应用中，往前翻阅是十分精明的做法。比如一个概念【plagiarism】（剽窃），如果你不是很清楚什么组成了【plagiarism】，为何它是不可接受的，如何避免，花几分钟时间马上读一读。查找【Avoiding Plagiarism】这一小节，在接近第二章末尾部分。类似地。如果你不能像在图书馆或者网上一样熟练阅读，现在去读第17章会是一个不错的主意。这样做可以为在完成家庭作业的时候节约你大量的时间和精力。

prudent英 ['pruːd(ə)nt] 美 ['prʊdnt]adj. 谨慎的；精明的；节俭的