与greenlet的比较
greenlet已经实现了协程，但是这个还的人工切换，是不是觉得太麻烦了，不要捉急，python还有一个比greenlet更强大的并且能够自动切换任务的模块gevent
其原理是当一个greenlet遇到IO(指的是input output 输入输出，比如网络、文件操作等)操作时，比如访问网络，就自动切换到其他的greenlet，等到IO操作完成，再在适当的时候切换回来继续执行。
由于IO操作非常耗时，经常使程序处于等待状态，有了gevent为我们自动切换协程，就保证总有greenlet在运行，而不是等待IO
1. gevent的使用
#coding=utf-8
#请使用python 2 来执行此程序
import gevent
def f(n):
for i in range(n):
print gevent.getcurrent(), i
g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()
执行结果:
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 4
可以看到，3个greenlet是依次运行而不是交替运行
2.gevent切换执行
import gevent
def f(n):
for i in range(n):
print gevent.getcurrent(), i
#用来模拟一个耗时操作，注意不是time模块中的sleep
gevent.sleep(1)
g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()
执行结果:
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 4
3.gevent并发下载器
当然，实际代码里，我们不会用gevent.sleep()去切换协程，而是在执行到IO操作时，gevent自动切换，代码如下
#coding=utf-8
from gevent import monkey;
import gevent
import urllib2
#有IO才做时需要这一句
monkey.patch_all()
def myDownLoad(url):
print('GET: %s' % url)
resp = urllib2.urlopen(url)
data = resp.read()
print('%d bytes received from %s.' % (len(data), url))
gevent.joinall([
gevent.spawn(myDownLoad, 'http://www.baidu.com/'),
gevent.spawn(myDownLoad, 'http://www.itcast.cn/'),
gevent.spawn(myDownLoad, 'http://www.itheima.com/'),
])
执行结果:
GET: http://www.baidu.com/
GET: http://www.itcast.cn/
GET: http://www.itheima.com/
102247 bytes received from http://www.baidu.com/.
166903 bytes received from http://www.itheima.com/.
162294 bytes received from http://www.itcast.cn/.
从上能够看到是先发送的获取baidu的相关信息，然后依次是itcast、itheima，但是收到数据的先后顺序不一定与发送顺序相同，这也就体现出了异步，即不确定什么时候会收到数据，顺序不一定
4.利用gevent实现TCP服务器
import sys
import time
import gevent
from gevent import socket,monkey
monkey.patch_all()
def handle_request(conn):
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024)
if not data:
conn.close()
break
print("recv: %s"%data)
conn.send(data)
def sever(port):
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(("", port))
s.listen(5)
while True:
cli, addr = s.accept()
gevent.spawn(handle_request, cli)
if __name__ == "__main__":
sever(7788)
执行结果:
recv: b'http://www.cmsoft.cn QQ:10865600'
recv: b'http://www.cmsoft.cn QQ:10865600'
实现!!
