PART 1: Thoughts
In other words, experts see the forest when everyone else sees only trees.
The more you study a subject, the more detailed your mental representations of it become, and the better you get at assimilating new information.
心理表征是什么？
心理表征是一种与我们大脑正在思考的某个物体、某个观点、某些信息或者其他任何事物相对应的心里结构，或者具体或者抽象。
作者通过盲下国际象棋的例子引出心理表征，说明有目的练习带来的神经变化，多年的练习使盲棋大师产生编码和分析的心理表征。很多有意识的练习都涉及到开发一种更有效的心理表征，而它可以在任何活动中使用，但只适用于他们开发的技能，例如前例中Steve通过编码对数字记忆和伦敦司机对城市交通的熟悉，也是他们通过不断的有目的性专项技能训练产生心理表征。
那心理表征有什么好处呢？它可以帮助我们理解信息，并保存在记忆中分析它并做决定，这也是我们和专家区别，专家通过多年实践改变了他们的大脑神经回路产生专业化的心理表征，就像我们的笔记，有些书友对文章有非常透彻的理解，分析的逻辑结构十分清晰，这些是建立在他们大量输入输出后产生的心理表征。
最后，如何产生我们需要的心理表征？ 最好方法就是花时间了解他们，当我们对一个主题研究越多，对它就越熟悉，越理解你的技能越娴熟，创建的心里表征就越好，而心理表征越好，就越能有效的提升技能，形成良性循环。就像Eric，他为了准备语法课，买了30多纸质书和20多本电子进行大量阅读和分析，在不断用的过程中精进自己语法。而反观自己毕业这么多年后连一本语法书都没读过，对这方面都没什么概念，看了两章语法，发觉读PEAK时开始会联系到前两天看过的语法内容，加深印象，这就是用的效果。
PART 2: Summary
First, blindfold chess example illustrates a chess master wins a game by encoding positions and analyzing. They are characteristics of the mental representation. And much of deliberate practice involves developing ever more efficient mental representations. But it's only to a particular specialty. Experts spend their years of practice to change the neural circuity and create mental representations.
And, again,the key benefit of mental representations lies in how they help us deal with information: understanding and interpreting it, holding it in memory, organizing it, analyzing it, and making decisions with it. Furthermore, the best way to develop a mental representation is to spend a little time getting to know them, just as the more we study a subject, the more detailed our mental representations of it become and better us get at assimilating new information.
PART 3: Words and Expression
1.novice: n. someone new to a field or activity
原文：They tested a national-level chess player (i.e., a chess master), a mid-range chess player, and a chess novice on two types of boards.
仿句：For a novice, he has done well.
2. 原文：Simon estimated that by the time a chess player becomes a master, he or she has accumulated some fifty thousand of these chunks.
estimate: v. judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)(总是用think)
仿句：It estimates that environment pollution will be worsen in the future.
3. 原文：The hierarchy is analogous to the organizational structure of a business or other large institution.
analogous: adj.If one thing is analogous to another, the two things are similar in some way. 类似的[正式]
be analogous to 与…相似，类似于
仿句：The usage of this word is analogous to another one.
4. 原文：All this information becomes integrated into one holistic concept that is represented by the word dog.
holistic: adj. emphasizing the organic or functional relation between parts and the whole 全部的(习惯性用whole)
仿句：I lack holistic concept of grammar.
5.原文：And other sorts of advanced abilities needed to excel in their particular specialties
excel:v.distinguish oneself (平时习惯性用be good at 或better)
excel in：v. 在……方面胜过；在……方面很擅长
excel at：突出；擅长于
仿句：In school, I excel in running.
