P值:观察到极端值的概率
观察到的概率越低,结果就越显著。观察到概率低于P值时,认为足够证据支持H1(显著)
类似于反证法,先假设H0,A和B没有关系
观察到结果概率非常低,几乎不可能发生,推翻原假设H0
H1成立(有显著关系)
显著性不能证明任何事情是真,而只能拒绝两者没有关系(证明两者有显著关系)
显著性不能量化差异性
显著性不能夸大两者差异性有现实意义
显著性不能解释为什么两者有差异性
P值小于0.05解释(The Interpretation of the p-Value)P值小于0.05:如果H0是真,找到极端值的概率小于5%。不能简单说明H0是假或H1是真
A value of p < 0:05 for the null hypothesis has to be interpreted as follows: If
the null hypothesis is true, the chance to find a test statistic as extreme as or more
extreme than the one observed is less than 5%. This is not the same as saying that
the null hypothesis is false, and even less so, that an alternative hypothesis is true!