题目
见sicily_1150 简单魔板
仅仅是最大步数可以超过10.
思路
- 直接剪枝bfs, 然而很不幸地楼主一直MLE……
- 使用康托展开公式来检查一个节点是否已经遍历过。因为能够将n个无重复元素的排列映射到刚好n!个数, 所以可以大大地节省内存。
代码
// Copyright (c) 2015 HuangJunjie@SYSU(SNO:13331087). All Rights Reserved.
// 1151 魔板: http://soj.sysu.edu.cn/1151
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
struct Node {
int state;
string opt;
};
bool isvisited[40320] = { 0 };
int factor[8] = { 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040 };
Node doA(const Node& node);
Node doB(const Node& node);
Node doC(const Node& node);
int contor(Node current);
int main() {
int max_steps;
Node aim;
Node start;
start.state = 12348765;
start.opt = "";
while (scanf("%d", &max_steps) != EOF && max_steps != -1) {
int digit;
aim.state = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
scanf("%d", &digit);
aim.state *= 10;
aim.state += digit;
}
memset(isvisited, 0, sizeof(isvisited));
queue<Node> que;
que.push(start);
while (!que.empty()) {
Node current = que.front();
que.pop();
if (isvisited[contor(current)] == true) continue;
else
isvisited[contor(current)] = true;
if (current.opt.size() > max_steps) {
printf("-1\n");
break;
}
if (contor(current) == contor(aim)) {
printf("%d %s\n", current.opt.size(), current.opt.c_str());
break;
}
Node Anext = doA(current);
// if (isvisited[contor(Anext)] == false)
que.push(Anext);
Node Bnext = doB(current);
// if (isvisited[contor(Anext)] == false)
que.push(Bnext);
Node Cnext = doC(current);
// if (isvisited[contor(Anext)] == false)
que.push(Cnext);
}
}
return 0;
}
Node doA(const Node& node) {
Node Anext;
Anext.state = node.state % 10000 * 10000 + node.state / 10000;
Anext.opt = node.opt + 'A';
return Anext;
}
Node doB(const Node& node) {
Node Bnext;
int up = node.state / 10000;
int down = node.state % 10000;
Bnext.state = (up / 10 + up % 10 * 1000) * 10000 + (down / 10 + down % 10 * 1000);
Bnext.opt = node.opt + 'B';
return Bnext;
}
Node doC(const Node& node) {
Node Cnext;
int fact = 10000000;
int temp[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
temp[i] = (node.state / fact) % 10;
fact /= 10;
}
Cnext.state = (temp[0] * 1000 + temp[5] * 100 + temp[1] * 10 + temp[3]) * 10000 +
(temp[4] * 1000 + temp[6] * 100 + temp[2] * 10 + temp[7]);
Cnext.opt = node.opt + 'C';
return Cnext;
}
int contor(Node current) {
int fact = 10000000;
int temp[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
temp[i] = (current.state / fact) % 10;
fact /= 10;
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
int count = 0;
for (int j = i + 1; j < 8; j++) {
if (temp[i] > temp[j]) count++;
}
sum += count*factor[7 - i];
}
return sum;
}
优化
将已经遍历过的节点的状态存起来即可,算是小小的优化吧。
// Copyright (c) 2015 HuangJunjie@SYSU(SNO:13331087). All Rights Reserved.
// 1151 魔板: http://soj.sysu.edu.cn/1151
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
struct Node {
int state;
string opt;
};
bool isvisited[40320] = { 0 };
string opts[40320]; // operation records
int factor[8] = { 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040 };
Node doA(const Node& node);
Node doB(const Node& node);
Node doC(const Node& node);
int contor(Node current);
int main() {
int max_steps;
Node aim;
Node start;
start.state = 12348765;
start.opt = "";
while (scanf("%d", &max_steps) != EOF && max_steps != -1) {
int digit;
aim.state = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
scanf("%d", &digit);
aim.state *= 10;
aim.state += digit;
}
if (opts[contor(aim)] != "") {
printf("%d %s\n", opts[contor(aim)].size(), opts[contor(aim)].c_str());
continue;
}
memset(isvisited, 0, sizeof(isvisited));
queue<Node> que;
que.push(start);
while (!que.empty()) {
Node current = que.front();
que.pop();
if (isvisited[contor(current)] == true) {
continue;
} else {
isvisited[contor(current)] = true;
// stores the operation path.
if (opts[contor(current)] == "")
opts[contor(current)] = current.opt;
}
if (current.opt.size() > max_steps) {
printf("-1\n");
break;
}
if (contor(current) == contor(aim)) {
printf("%d %s\n", current.opt.size(), current.opt.c_str());
break;
}
Node Anext = doA(current);
que.push(Anext);
Node Bnext = doB(current);
que.push(Bnext);
Node Cnext = doC(current);
que.push(Cnext);
}
}
return 0;
}
Node doA(const Node& node) {
Node Anext;
Anext.state = node.state % 10000 * 10000 + node.state / 10000;
Anext.opt = node.opt + 'A';
return Anext;
}
Node doB(const Node& node) {
Node Bnext;
int up = node.state / 10000;
int down = node.state % 10000;
Bnext.state = (up / 10 + up % 10 * 1000) * 10000 + (down / 10 + down % 10 * 1000);
Bnext.opt = node.opt + 'B';
return Bnext;
}
Node doC(const Node& node) {
Node Cnext;
int fact = 10000000;
int temp[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
temp[i] = (node.state / fact) % 10;
fact /= 10;
}
Cnext.state = (temp[0] * 1000 + temp[5] * 100 + temp[1] * 10 + temp[3]) * 10000 +
(temp[4] * 1000 + temp[6] * 100 + temp[2] * 10 + temp[7]);
Cnext.opt = node.opt + 'C';
return Cnext;
}
int contor(Node current) {
int fact = 10000000;
int temp[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
temp[i] = (current.state / fact) % 10;
fact /= 10;
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
int count = 0;
for (int j = i + 1; j < 8; j++) {
if (temp[i] > temp[j]) count++;
}
sum += count*factor[7 - i];
}
return sum;
}
随机样例生成
// Copyright (c) 2015 HuangJunjie@SYSU(SNO:13331087). All Rights Reserved.
#define ALPHA_SIZE 26
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
struct Node {
int state;
string opt;
} start;
bool isvisited[40320] = { 0 };
string opts[40320]; // operation records
int factor[8] = { 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040 };
Node doA(const Node& node);
Node doB(const Node& node);
Node doC(const Node& node);
int contor(Node current);
fstream testcase;
fstream answer;
void init();
void makeTestCase(int cases);
void build();
void bfs(Node aim);
Node recontor(int i);
int main() {
init();
for (int cases = 10; cases < 10000; cases *= 10) {
makeTestCase(cases);
}
for (int cases = 50; cases < 50000; cases *= 10) {
makeTestCase(cases);
}
return 0;
}
void init() {
srand(time(NULL));
start.state = 12348765;
start.opt = "";
build();
}
void build() {
for (int i = 0; i < 40320; i++) {
if (opts[i] == "") {
Node aim = recontor(i);
bfs(aim);
}
}
}
void bfs(Node aim) {
memset(isvisited, 0, sizeof(isvisited));
queue<Node> que;
que.push(start);
while (!que.empty()) {
Node current = que.front();
que.pop();
if (isvisited[contor(current)] == true) {
continue;
} else {
isvisited[contor(current)] = true;
// stores the operation path.
if (opts[contor(current)] == "")
opts[contor(current)] = current.opt;
}
if (contor(current) == contor(aim)) {
return;
}
Node Anext = doA(current);
que.push(Anext);
Node Bnext = doB(current);
que.push(Bnext);
Node Cnext = doC(current);
que.push(Cnext);
}
}
void makeTestCase(int cases) {
char buf[5];
sprintf(buf, "%d", cases);
string cases_str = buf;
string inputname = "input" + cases_str + ".txt";
string answername = "answer" + cases_str + ".txt";
testcase.open(inputname, ios::out);
answer.open(answername, ios::out);
for (int i = 0; i < cases; i++) {
int steps = rand() % cases;
testcase << steps << endl;
int key = rand() % 40320;
Node test = recontor(key);
for (int factor = 10000000; factor; factor /= 10) {
if (factor != 10000000 && factor != 1000) testcase << " ";
if (factor == 1000) testcase << endl;
testcase << test.state / factor;
test.state %= factor;
}
testcase << endl;
answer << opts[key].size() << " " << opts[key] << endl;
}
testcase << -1 << endl;
testcase.close();
answer.close();
}
Node doA(const Node& node) {
Node Anext;
Anext.state = node.state % 10000 * 10000 + node.state / 10000;
Anext.opt = node.opt + 'A';
return Anext;
}
Node doB(const Node& node) {
Node Bnext;
int up = node.state / 10000;
int down = node.state % 10000;
Bnext.state = (up / 10 + up % 10 * 1000) * 10000 + (down / 10 + down % 10 * 1000);
Bnext.opt = node.opt + 'B';
return Bnext;
}
Node doC(const Node& node) {
Node Cnext;
int fact = 10000000;
int temp[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
temp[i] = (node.state / fact) % 10;
fact /= 10;
}
Cnext.state = (temp[0] * 1000 + temp[5] * 100 + temp[1] * 10 + temp[3]) * 10000 +
(temp[4] * 1000 + temp[6] * 100 + temp[2] * 10 + temp[7]);
Cnext.opt = node.opt + 'C';
return Cnext;
}
int contor(Node current) {
int fact = 10000000;
int temp[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
temp[i] = (current.state / fact) % 10;
fact /= 10;
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
int count = 0;
for (int j = i + 1; j < 8; j++) {
if (temp[i] > temp[j]) count++;
}
sum += count*factor[7 - i];
}
return sum;
}
Node recontor(int key) {
Node result;
result.state = 0;
bool num[8] = { 0 };
for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
int count = -1;
int remain = key / factor[i];
key %= factor[i];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
if (num[j] == false) count++;
if (count == remain) {
num[j] = true;
result.state *= 10;
result.state += j + 1;
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}