第2章 servlet开发技术
Servlet是什么
servlet是基于java语言的web服务器端编程技术。按照一定规则定义的java类。他有约定好的一些方法。get post init destroy
servlet作用
无论是get/post方法都至少有两个参数,一个叫HttpServletRequest(请求对象),一个叫HttpServletResponse(响应对象)
他对外暴露一个地址,可以用于页面访问的。
servlet如何创建和定义
第一种方式:servlet2.5以前是手动创建
1)写一个servlet类(java)继承HttpServlet
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.doGet(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
2)web.xml里配置对外暴露的地址。
web.xml在WebContent\WEB-INF\web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.neuedu.javaweb.chap02.TestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/test.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
servlet3.0自动创建
包名-new -servlet-输入servlet文件名称-下一步-urlmapping里可以更改映射地址-finish
@WebServlet("/regServlet")
public class RegServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public RegServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("doGet被调用");
response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
servlet生命周期关键方法
init()初始化方法
service()服务方法
doGet()
doPost()
......根据method不同,service将请求分发到不同方法
destory()销毁方法
注意:init()和destory()方法整个生命周期中只执行一次。service等方法可以执行多次
初始化带参数以及init里获取参数
@WebServlet(value="/regServlet",initParams={@WebInitParam(name="driver",value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"),
@WebInitParam(name="userName",value="root"),
@WebInitParam(name="passWord",value="root")}
)
public class RegServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public RegServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println(config.getInitParameter("userName"));
super.init(config);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("doGet被调用");
//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.println("success");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
注册程序
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
注册页面<br>
<form action="regServlet" method="post">
账号:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="1">打篮球
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="2">踢足球
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="3">烫头
<input type="submit" value="注册"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
servlet
package com.neuedu.javaweb.chap02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class RegServlet
*/
@WebServlet(value="/regServlet",initParams={@WebInitParam(name="driver",value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"),
@WebInitParam(name="userName",value="root"),
@WebInitParam(name="passWord",value="root")}
)
public class RegTestServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public RegTestServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println(config.getInitParameter("userName"));
super.init(config);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request,response);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doPost方法被调用");
//获取前台输入的信息
String name=request.getParameter("username");
String password=request.getParameter("password");
//checkbox数据
String[] hobbys=request.getParameterValues("hobby");
//打包user
User user=new User();
user.setUserName(name);
......
//调用service进行处理
IUserService userService=new UserServiceImpl();
int i=userService.addUser(user);
//返回处理结果
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
if(i>0){
out.println("success");
}else{
out.println("failure");
}
}
}
解决中文乱码问题
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
request里能获取什么
https://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3798347.html
应用程序上下文 request.getContextPath()
客户端ip request.getRemoteAddr()
客户端端口 request.getRemotePort()
本地地址 request.getLocalAddr()
相对路径 request.getRequestURI()
请求方式 request.getMethod()
头信息(了解,是枚举类型)
request.getHeaderNames()
//上下文路径
System.out.println("应用程序上下文"+request.getContextPath());
System.out.println("客户端ip"+request.getRemoteAddr());
System.out.println("端口"+request.getRemotePort());
System.out.println("本地addr"+request.getLocalAddr());
System.out.println("相对路径"+request.getRequestURI());
System.out.println("请求方式"+request.getMethod());
//以下了解
System.out.println(request.getHeaderNames());
Enumeration<String> headers=request.getHeaderNames();
while(headers.hasMoreElements()){
String key=headers.nextElement();
String value=request.getHeader(key);
System.out.println("key--->"+key);
System.out.println("value--->"+value);
}
打印结果:
应用程序上下文/myproject
客户端ip0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
端口51784
本地addr0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
相对路径/myproject/loginServlet
请求方式POST
org.apache.tomcat.util.http.NamesEnumerator@3c32a826
key---->host
value-->localhost:8081
key---->connection
value-->keep-alive
key---->content-length
value-->31
key---->cache-control
value-->max-age=0
key---->origin
value-->http://localhost:8081
key---->upgrade-insecure-requests
value-->1
key---->content-type
value-->application/x-www-form-urlencoded
key---->user-agent
value-->Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.16 Safari/537.36
key---->accept
value-->text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
key---->referer
value-->http://localhost:8081/myproject/login.html
key---->accept-encoding
value-->gzip, deflate, br
key---->accept-language
value-->zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
key---->cookie
value-->Webstorm-a327319a=cc9d0535-8c62-45c6-91d2-ba803bc9a72d
转发和重定向
转发:只发一次请求 地址栏的地址不变 只能转发到内部地址 效率高 request转发 request可以带参数
重定向:两次请求 地址栏地址会变化 可以请求外部地址 效率低 responset重定向 只能在url地址里带参数(如果重定向到的页是用html的IFRAME开发的,只能用redirect)
应用技巧:
如果请求外部地址或者跳转时不需要携带原始请求用重定向。否则用转发
重定向时加上上下文路径
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/user/index.html");
转发写法
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.html").forward(request, response);
代码详见第2章代码样例(注册登录)
作者:wqjcarnation
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/6742b3dfee7e
来源:简书
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