- Nominative
- abstract
- concrete
- Genitive
- Dative
- Accusative
- Ablative
- Vocative
First declension nouns and adjectives
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- 在哲学文本中，-ae经常被缩合为-e
- sed ->递进
e.g.
- puella
- sing. puella, puellae, puellae, puellam, puellā, puella
- pl. puellae, puellārum, puellīs, puellās, puellīs, puellae
- pecūnia
- sing. pecūnia, pecūniae, pecūniae, pecūniam, pecūniā, pecūnia
- pl. pecūniae, pecūniārum, pecūniīs, pecūniās, pecūniīs, pecūniae
- poēta
- sing. poēta, poētae, poētae, poētam, poētā, poēta
- pl. poētae, poētārum, poētīs, poētās, poētīs, poētae
- nauta
- sing. nauta, nautae, nautae, nautam, nautā, nauta
- pl. nautae, nautārum. nautīs, nautās, nautīs, nautae
- agricola
- sing. agricola, agricolae, agricolae, agricolam, agricolā, agricola
- pl. agricolae, agricolārum, agricolīs, agricolās, agricolīs, agricolae
- aurīga
- incola
- pīrata
SENTENTIAE ANTĪQVAE
-
Salvē, Ō patria!
-
Fāma et sententia volant.
- fāma -> f. sing. nom., rumour
- sententia -> f. sing. nom., opinion
- volant -> 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. volō, "to choose, to want"
-
Dā veniam puellae, amābō tē.
-
Clēmentia tua multās vītās servat.
- clēmentia -> f. sing. nom., "mercy"
- tua -> f. sing. gen., "your"
- multās -> f. pl. acc., "many"
- vītās -> f. pl. acc., "lives"
- servat -> 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. servo, "save"
Multam pecūniam dēportat.
- multam -> f. sing. acc., "much/many"
- pecūniam -> f. sing. acc., "money"
- dēportat -> 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. dēporto, "carries away"
-
Et fortūnam et vītam antīquae patriae saepe laudās sed recūsās.
- fortūnam -> f. sing. acc., "fortune"
- vitam -> f. sing. acc., "life"
- antīquae -> f. sing. gen., "ancient"
- patriae -> f. sing. gen., "homeland/country"
- saepe -> adverb, "often"
- laudās -> 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. laudō, "praise"
- sed -> conjunction, "but"
- recūsās -> 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. recūsō, "refuse"
-
Mē vītāre turbam iubēs. -> p.543
- mē -> 1st sing. acc., "me"
- vītāre -> present active infinitive of vītō, "to avoid"
- turbam -> f. sing. acc., "crowd/mob"
- iubēs -> 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. iubeō, "command/order"
-
Mē philosophiae dō.
- mē -> 1st sing. acc., "me"
- philosophiae -> f. sing. dat., "to philosophy"
- dō -> 1st sing. pres. act. ind. dō, "give"
-
Philosophia est ars vītae.
- philosophia -> f. sing. nom., "philosophy"
- est -> 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. sum, "is"
- ars -> f. sing. nom., "art/skill"
- vitae -> f. sing. gen., "of life"
Sānam fōrmam vītae cōnservāte.
- sānam -> f. sing. acc., *"healthy/sound"*
- fōrmam -> f. sing. acc., *"shape/form"*
- vitae -> f. sing. gen., *"of life"*
- cōnservāte -> 2nd pl. pres. act. ind. cōnservō, *"preserve"*
- Immodica īra creat īnsāniam.
- immodica -> f. sing. nom., _"excessive"_
- īra -> f. sing. nom., _"anger"_
- creat -> 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. creō, _"creates"_
- īnsāniam -> fem. sing. acc., _"insanity"_
- Quid cōgitās?—dēbēmus īram vītāre.
- quid -> neut. sing. acc., _"what"_
- cōgitās -> 2nd sing. pres. act. ind. cōgitō, *"are you thinking?"*
- dēbēmus -> 1st pl. pres. act. ind. dēbeō, _"we must"_
- īram -> fem. sing. acc., _"anger"_
- vītāre -> pres. act. inf. vītō, _"avoid"_
- Nūlla avāritia sine poenā est.
- nūlla -> fem. sing. nom., _"no"_
- avāritia -> fem. sing. nom., _"greed"_
- sine -> prep. + abl., meaning "without"
- poenā -> fem. sing. abl., _"punishment"_
- est -> 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. sum, _"is"_
- Mē saevīs catēnīs onerat.
- mē -> 1st sing. pers. pron., _"me"_
- saevīs -> fem. pl. abl. modif. by catēnīs, meaning "cruel"
- catēnīs -> fem. pl. abl., _"chains"_
- onerat -> 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. onerō, _"burdens"_
- Rotam fortūnae nōn timent.
- rotam -> fem. sing. acc., _"wheel"_
- fortūnae -> fem. sing. gen., _"of fortune"_
- nōn -> adv., meaning "not"
- timent -> 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. timeō, _"fear" (here in the sense of "are afraid of")_