tags: [JAVA]
categories: 技术
List 中获取相同元素出现次数，得到元素和次数对应的 map
//获取最外层循环（每个信息类的总数量）
HashMap <String,Integer>mp = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
int tableNameCount = 1;
List tableNameAndCountList = new ArrayList<>();
for(int k = 0; k < tables.size(); k++ ){
if(mp.containsKey(tables.get(k).get("tablename"))){
mp.put(tables.get(k).get("tablename").toString(), mp.get(tables.get(k).get("tablename")).intValue()+tableNameCount);
}
else{
mp.put(tables.get(k).get("tablename").toString(), tableNameCount);
}
}
关于 HashMap 安全性
因为 HashTable 存在速度慢等问题，所以线程安全的 HashMap 很有必要，因为是 Hashtable 是使用 synchronized 的，所有线程竞争同一把锁；而 ConcurrentHashMap 不仅线程安全而且效率高，因为它包含一个 segment 数组，将数据分段存储，给每一段数据配一把锁，也就是所谓的锁分段技术。
//Hashtable
Map<String, String> hashtable = new Hashtable<>();
//synchronizedMap
Map<String, String> synchronizedHashMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, String>());
//ConcurrentHashMap
Map<String, String> concurrentHashMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
- 什么时候使用 ConcurrentHashMap
CHM 适用于读者数量超过写者时，当写者数量大于等于读者时，CHM 的性能是低于 Hashtable 和 synchronized Map 的。这是因为当锁住了整个 Map 时，读操作要等待对同一部分执行写操作的线程结束。CHM 适用于做 cache,在程序启动时初始化，之后可以被多个请求线程访问。正如 Javadoc 说明的那样，CHM 是 HashTable 一个很好的替代，但要记住，CHM 的比 HashTable 的同步性稍弱。
- 性能对比
这是要靠数据说话的时代，所以不能只靠嘴说 CHM 快，它就快了。写个测试用例，实际的比较一下这三种方式的效率(源码来源)，下面的代码分别通过三种方式创建 Map 对象，使用 ExecutorService 来并发运行 5 个线程，每个线程添加/获取 500K 个元素。
public class CrunchifyConcurrentHashMapVsSynchronizedMap {
public final static int THREAD_POOL_SIZE = 5;
public static Map<String, Integer> crunchifyHashTableObject = null;
public static Map<String, Integer> crunchifySynchronizedMapObject = null;
public static Map<String, Integer> crunchifyConcurrentHashMapObject = null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// Test with Hashtable Object
crunchifyHashTableObject = new Hashtable<>();
crunchifyPerformTest(crunchifyHashTableObject);
// Test with synchronizedMap Object
crunchifySynchronizedMapObject = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, Integer>());
crunchifyPerformTest(crunchifySynchronizedMapObject);
// Test with ConcurrentHashMap Object
crunchifyConcurrentHashMapObject = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
crunchifyPerformTest(crunchifyConcurrentHashMapObject);
}
public static void crunchifyPerformTest(final Map<String, Integer> crunchifyThreads) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("Test started for: " + crunchifyThreads.getClass());
long averageTime = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
ExecutorService crunchifyExServer = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(THREAD_POOL_SIZE);
for (int j = 0; j < THREAD_POOL_SIZE; j++) {
crunchifyExServer.execute(new Runnable() {
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
Integer crunchifyRandomNumber = (int) Math.ceil(Math.random() * 550000);
// Retrieve value. We are not using it anywhere
Integer crunchifyValue = crunchifyThreads.get(String.valueOf(crunchifyRandomNumber));
// Put value
crunchifyThreads.put(String.valueOf(crunchifyRandomNumber), crunchifyRandomNumber);
}
}
});
}
// Make sure executor stops
crunchifyExServer.shutdown();
// Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown request
crunchifyExServer.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);
long entTime = System.nanoTime();
long totalTime = (entTime - startTime) / 1000000L;
averageTime += totalTime;
System.out.println("2500K entried added/retrieved in " + totalTime + " ms");
}
System.out.println("For " + crunchifyThreads.getClass() + " the average time is " + averageTime / 5 + " ms\n");
}
}
- 测试结果
Test started for: class java.util.Hashtable
2500K entried added/retrieved in 2018 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1746 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1806 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1801 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1804 ms
For class java.util.Hashtable the average time is 1835 ms
Test started for: class java.util.Collections$SynchronizedMap
2500K entried added/retrieved in 3041 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1690 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1740 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1649 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1696 ms
For class java.util.Collections$SynchronizedMap the average time is 1963 ms
Test started for: class java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
2500K entried added/retrieved in 738 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 696 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 548 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 1447 ms
2500K entried added/retrieved in 531 ms
For class java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap the average time is 792 ms
