A. 总体印象
其实用一句话就可以概括本篇课文的核心信息——最早的日历很可能出现在人类的渔猎时期而非之前认为的农耕时期。本文似乎只是一个用于引发兴趣小文章,没有过多地罗列事实或应用推理,主要是通过简单描述和类比来表达。由于文章的信息量不大(甚至有些单薄),作者做了多重包装以增加文章的层次感。我们可以分析出作者在酝酿文章布局时可能考虑了以下几点:
- 为突出研究古代历史的困难,假想了未来历史学家研究我们的情况。(这是一个很有趣的视角)
- “日历最早出现于农耕时期”这一观点的由来及依据(这里给出的依据其实是个猜想)
- 渔猎社会遗留的点、线、符号给了历史学家再次思考的契机
- 结合岩画等艺术形式,再次强化日历出现于渔猎社会的可能性
B. 单词
b1> times
Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times.
上句中的times,并不是一个复数形式,times本身就是一个名词,指时代、时光、时报。
b2> evidence是不可数名词(mass noun),使用时无需加an,查了不少例句,均是以单数形式出现。
the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.
b3> steadily 是 steady 的副词形式,指平稳地逐渐地
work steadily 平稳地工作
Prices are rising steadily. 物价正持续上涨.
His health is getting steadily worse. 他的健康逐渐恶化.
b4> bewildering 是个很有味道的词,在NCE的课文中多次出现
[bɪ'wɪld(ə)rɪŋ]
- adj. 使人困惑的;令人产生混乱的
例句:
As the deadline approached she experienced a bewildering array of emotions.随着最后期限的临近,她开始心绪纷乱,不知所措。
A glance along his bookshelves reveals a bewildering array of interests.
看一眼他的书架就知道他兴趣繁杂。
The choice of excursions was bewildering.
各种各样可供选择的远足项目让人眼花缭乱。
The styles change with bewildering rapidity.
风格多变,令人应接不暇.
I found the experience quite bewildering.
我觉得这次经历令人相当困惑.
b5> scanty
Barely sufficient or adequate.
不足的:缺乏的或不足的
Insufficient, as in extent or degree
在程度或范围上不够的参见
C. 短语
c1> 关于as it were:
They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
1> as it were 是插入语,were 是固定用法,与时态无关;
2> to do做为一个不定式应该放在一起,且并列关系时仅需一个to即可
c2> 关于as it is 和 as it were
**as it is ** 注意,可能存在时态变化!
1.really;in reality事实上
We hoped that things would get better,but as it is, they are getting worse.我们本希望情况会好转的,但是事实上,现在情况正在恶化。He seemed to be around fifty, but as it was, he was over sixty.他看上去只有 50岁左右,但事实上他已经60多岁了。
As it is, he is a noblehearted man with profound thinking.事实上,他是一个心灵高尚,思想深刻的人。
2.without changes or improvements(used after the word it modifies)照原来的样子(位于被修饰词之后)
Leave it as it is.听其自然。
It's good enough as it is.照现在这个样子已经很不错了。
They agree to buy the house just as it is.他们同意照房子原状买下来。as it were,作为插入语,也即它把一个完整的句子分开(前后都是句子的组成部分,而非完整句子)
1.in a manner;as if it really were 宛如;似乎
Her mother is, as it were,her friend.她的母亲好像就是她的朋友。
He is,as it were,a walking dictionary.他仿佛是部活字典。2.so to speak可以说
Books are,as it were,his life.书可以说就是他的生命。
c3> be faced with 这一结构多次出现
D. 句子及语法
d1) 英文文章的标题不需要每个单词的首字母大写,只需第一个字母大写即可。
d2) 文章第一段大量使用将来式(will),最后一段则参杂着使用完成式和过去式,要好好体会其用法
d3) 本文中,seem to 以及 seemingly大量使用,用以表示一种不确定和推测的效果。
d4) "the written word"。不是是words!这里是指书面形式,是一种概述。
d5) few在表示数量很少,近乎没有时,后面仍应该接复数形式!
He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.
d6) 注意come into being 和 with the advent of agriculture的用法
historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture
d7) 小细节:B.C. 中.的存在使得我们可以省略一个句号!
and ended about 10,000 B.C.
d8)一些需要注意的用法
it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.