完整原文地址见简书https://www.jianshu.com/p/dc7652457d2a
更多完整Vue笔记目录敬请见《前端 Web 笔记 汇总目录(Updating)》
本文内容提要
- Mixin基础
Mixin 之 methods
Mixin 之 自定义属性
Mixin 之 生命周期
全局Mixin
Vue3之后,推荐使用Composition API 或者 插件 替代Mixin
- 1. 首先是逻辑不直观,出了问题难以定位,可维护性差
- 2. 全局Mixin的维护性也很差
Vue中的 ref 和 $refs
自定义指令 directive
以上是全局定义的自定义指令,下面是 局部自定义指令
再例:再验生命周期
再例2:根据v-show和v-if的特性不同,会触发的生命周期钩子 也不一样:
自定义指令 结合 style 【自定义指令传参】
再结合data 和 updated钩子,将上例 动态化
简化上例 的 设计技巧
打印binding对象
用上binding.arg,自定义更加灵活
- Teleport传送门
- CSS基础案例回顾——居中布局
- 局部蒙版
- Teleport传送门 助力 全局蒙版
- 或者传送到某个body下覆盖全局的DOM节点上,
- 加上字体
- Render函数
- Vue传统写法
- 使用Render函数优化
- 使用Render函数 生成多层嵌套UI
插件
- install参数初解读
- 插件 —— 使用
provide
提供数据给 子组件 使用- 插件 —— 自定义指令 供 (子)组件使用
- 插件 —— 拓展生命周期
- 插件 —— 拓展底层变量
数据校验案例
- Mixin方案 —— 对数据做校验 案例
- 每层迭代 增加监听
- 将 校验mixin 封装进 plugin
Mixin基础
Mixin其实就是定义一个
命名
模块,可以包含data
字段,
定义后可以 赋值 给一个 引用;
然后可以在某个组件中,
使用mixins:[ Mixin字段 ...]
的方式,引入这个Mixin
字段;
引入Mixin
模块的组件,可以直接使用引入 Mixin 模块
的内容(data字段等),而不需要自身有事先定义;
如果组件本身有 自身定义的data字段
且与 引入的Mixin 模块
的data字段
有冲突,
则以组件本身的字段为准;
例程1:
组件本身定义number
一个字段,
Mixin定义了number
和 count
两个字段,
组件引入Mixin后,使用数据时,number
以组件为准,count
则可以直接使用Mixin的:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
number: 666,
count: 666
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
mixins: [myMixin],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<div>{{count}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
再例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
number: 666,
count: 666
}
}
}
const myMixin2 = {
data() {
return {
biubiu: 'biubiubiu'
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
mixins: [myMixin, myMixin2],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<div>{{count}}</div>
<div>{{biubiu}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
Mixin 之 methods
Mixin 混入 methods 的规则同
data
,
混入后,组件
可以直接使用Mixin
的methods
,
如有冲突,则以组件自身
的methods
为准:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin methods");
}
}
}
const myMixin2 = {
created() {
console.log('mixin2 created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin2 methods");
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
mixins: [myMixin, myMixin2],
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("rootApp methods");
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<button @click="handleClick">testButton</button>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
Mixin 之 自定义属性
Mixin 混入 自定义属性 的 默认规则同
data
/methods
,
混入后,组件
可以直接使用Mixin
的自定义属性
,
如有冲突,则以组件自身
的自定义属性
为准:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
myNumber: 1
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
mixins: [myMixin],
myNumber: 666,
template: `
<div>
<div>{{this.$options.myNumber}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:不过Mixin的自定义属性这一块比较特殊,开发者可以通过
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.[对应冲突字段]
自行定义优先级策略;
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.[对应冲突字段]
对应一个函数,
其中一参为字段对应的Mixin的值,二参为字段对应的组件本身的值;
如下,自定义新的规则为——如果存在mixinValue,
默认优先返回mixinValue,不存在再返回appValue
;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
myNumber: 1
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
mixins: [myMixin],
myNumber: 666,
template: `
<div>
<div>{{this.$options.myNumber}}</div>
</div>`
});
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.myNumber = (mixinValue, appValue) => {
return mixinValue || appValue;
}
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:Mixin 之 生命周期
Mixin混入生命周期时,规则 与
data
、methods
略不相同,
Mixin
中的生命周期
与组件
中的 冲突时,两边 都会执行,
执行顺序,
先按mixins:[ Mixin字段 ...]
引入的顺序执行完Mixin
的钩子
,
最后执行组件
自己的钩子
;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
}
}
const myMixin2 = {
created() {
console.log('mixin2 created');
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
mixins: [myMixin, myMixin2],
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
本例此前的Mixin
都是局部Mixin
!!在父组件
中引入的Mixin
,无法在子组件
中使用
如下,父组件引入的Mixin
【myMixin】,无法在子组件
【child】中使用:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
data() {
return {
count: 666
}
},
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin methods");
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
mixins: [myMixin],
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("rootApp methods");
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<child />
<button @click="handleClick">testButton</button>
</div>`
});
app.component('child', {
template:`<div>{{count}}</div>`
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
如在子组件也要用对应
Mixin
的字段,则子组件也要写明mixins: [myMixin],
自行引入:
...
app.component('child', {
mixins: [myMixin],
template:`<div>{{count}}</div>`
})
...
运行效果:
全局Mixin
使用
app.mixin()
定义一个全局Mixin
,
可以使得根组件
及其所有子组件
都自动注入这个全局Mixin
,
无需再写 似mixins: [myMixin]
的引入语法:
例程:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
number: 1
}
},
created() {
console.log('rootApp created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("rootApp methods");
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div>{{number}}</div>
<div>{{count}}</div>
<child />
<button @click="handleClick">testButton</button>
</div>`
});
app.mixin({
data() {
return {
count: 666
}
},
created() {
console.log('mixin created');
},
methods: {
handleClick() {
console.log("mixin methods");
}
}
})
app.component('child', {
template:`<div>{{count}}</div>`
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
Vue3之后,推荐使用Composition API 或者 插件 替代Mixin
--- Vue3之后,推荐使用Composition API 替代Mixin,
因为Mixin的可维护性其实不高;
1. 首先是逻辑不直观,出了问题难以定位,可维护性差
像刚刚 混入自定义属性的例子,运行的结果是返回1,
接盘侠要看为何返回1,需要去看到 mixin引入、找到对应的 mixin模块,
最后查阅 自定义的匹配策略,过程非常麻烦;
出了问题,要确认是 组件、mixin、冲突、匹配策略 等谁的锅,也不容易;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myMixin = {
myNumber: 1
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
mixins: [myMixin],
myNumber: 666,
template: `
<div>
<div>{{this.$options.myNumber}}</div>
</div>`
});
app.config.optionMergeStrategies.myNumber = (mixinValue, appValue) => {
return mixinValue || appValue;
}
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
2. 全局Mixin的维护性也很差
全局Mixin
会对 注册全局Mixin
的 根组件
及其所有子孙组件
都自动混入内容,
这个时候如果项目规模
一大,管理起来就很麻烦,
首先
Mixin
的内容一大,往各种地方混入的时候就很难管理
,
其次,
单子孙组件体量一大、数量一多
,
容易 忽略了、忘了 定义的全局Mixin,也是个问题;
Vue中的 ref 和 $refs
科普文章《vue中的 ref 和 $refs》
console.log(this.$refs.input1) //<input type="text" id="input1">
console.log(document.getElementById('input1')) //<input type="text" id="input1">
这两种方法获得的都是Dom节点,
而$refs相对document.getElementById的方法,会减少获取dom节点的消耗。
案例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
mounted() {
this.$refs.input1.focus();
},
template: `
<div>
<input ref="input">
<input ref="input1">
<input ref="input2">
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:自定义指令 directive
使用自定义指令 可以封装常用的逻辑,
使得常用的代码模块得到复用,提高效率;
使用自定义指令封装focus逻辑,优化上例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<div>
<input v-focus>
</div>`
});
app.directive('focus', {
mounted(el) {
el.focus();
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果,自动聚焦:以上是全局定义的自定义指令,下面是 局部自定义指令
同样实现上例效果:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myDirective = {
focus: {
mounted(el) {
el.focus();
}
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
directives: myDirective,
template: `
<div>
<input v-focus>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
-再例:再验生命周期
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
hehe: true
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-show="hehe">
<input v-focus>
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('focus', {
beforeMount() {
console.log('beforeMount');
},
mounted(el) {
console.log('mounted');
el.focus();
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('beforeUpdate');
},
updated() {
console.log('updated');
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:再例2:
根据v-show和v-if的特性不同,会触发的生命周期钩子 也不一样:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
hehe: true
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-if="hehe">
<input v-focus>
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('focus', {
beforeMount() {
console.log('beforeMount');
},
mounted(el) {
console.log('mounted');
el.focus();
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('beforeUpdate');
},
updated() {
console.log('updated');
},
beforeUnmount() {
console.log('beforeUnmount');
},
unmounted() {
console.log('unmounted');
},
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:自定义指令 结合 style 【自定义指令传参】
自定义指令 中的钩子,
除了默认第一个参数【el】 为修饰的DOM节点外,
还可以有第二个参数【binding】,
这个参数可以把 使用 本自定义指令
时,传过来的参数 都 囊括其中;
如下,
定义css类【header】,指定为绝对布局样式;
自定义指令pos
,
钩子
接收两个参数——el、binding
;
使用指令时,传入一个数值参数【80】,
这在指令中,会被接收,然后用于定义style布局样式
——
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
hehe: true
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="80" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
换成180:
...
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="180" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
...
运行效果:
再结合data 和 updated钩子,将上例 动态化
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
topMargin: 66
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="topMargin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
},
updated(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
简化上例 的 设计技巧
例程:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
topMargin: 66
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos="topMargin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
即当自定义指令
里边,
只有mounted
和updated
两个钩子 且 这两个钩子的内容
和参数列表
是 完全一样的话,
我们可以简写成下面的写法,
即变对象为函数,函数的内容 为 钩子中相同的内容:
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
})
这种写法 是 等价于上例的写法的:
app.directive('pos', {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
},
updated(el, binding) {
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
}
})
打印binding对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.header {position: absolute}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
topMargin: 66
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:heheda="topMargin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
console.log(binding, 'binding');
el.style.top = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:用上binding.arg,自定义更加灵活
直接v-pos:top="topMargin"
,
即[自定义指令]:[arg]="[value]"
的结构;
如下例的写法,用户 既可以配置style的值,也可以 配置style的属性:
如下,
配置为top的margin,数值是80:
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
margin: 80
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:top="margin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style[binding.arg] = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
运行效果:配置为right的margin,数值是80:
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
margin: 80
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:right="margin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style[binding.arg] = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
运行效果:配置为left的margin,数值是80:
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
margin: 80
}
},
template: `
<div>
<div v-pos:left="margin" class="header">
<input />
</div>
</div>`
});
app.directive('pos', (el, binding) => {
el.style[binding.arg] = (binding.value + 'px');
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
运行效果:CSS基础案例回顾——居中布局
首先,
left: 50%;
和top: 50%;
使得使用该CSS类的 DOM节点 的 左上角顶点,
在窗口的中点处:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
}
},
template: `
<div class="area">
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:再加上一笔,
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
使得组件在上面两个margin
之后,
让本节点移动(-50%, -50%)的距离,
其实就是 左移和上移 分别为 节点宽高的一半 的距离:
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
</style>
运行效果:局部蒙版
如下添加.mask
这个蒙版样式,
绝对布局,左上右下四方为0,即遍布父布局(<div class="area">
):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
.mask {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: #000;
opacity: 0.5;
}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
show: false
}
},
methods: {
handleBtnClick() {
this.show = !this.show;
}
},
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行,点击按钮,显示蒙版:Teleport传送门 助力 全局蒙版
欲将上例中的【局部蒙版】升级成【全局蒙版】,
需要调用DOM将<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
送到<body>
的第一子组件位置,
这样 蒙版节点css样式的 遍布父布局的 特性,
就可以直接遍布 整个body 成为【全局蒙版】了,
这个时候就可以使用【Teleport】进行助力了:
使用
<teleport>
标签将其包裹起来,指定to="body"
传送到 body:
...
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<teleport to="body">
<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
</teleport>
</div>`
...
运行效果:
或者传送到某个body下覆盖全局的DOM节点上,
...
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
<div id="heheda"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
...
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<teleport to="#heheda">
<div class="mask" v-show="show"></div>
</teleport>
</div>`
});
...
</script>
</html>
运行效果同上例,
结构图:
加上字体
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<style>
.area {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 228px;
height: 336px;
background: paleturquoise;}
.mask {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: #000;
opacity: 0.5;
color: skyblue;
font-size: 88px;
}
</style>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
<div id="heheda"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return {
show: false,
message: 'heheda'
}
},
methods: {
handleBtnClick() {
this.show = !this.show;
}
},
template: `
<div class="area">
<button @click="handleBtnClick">蒙版</button>
<teleport to="#heheda">
<div class="mask" v-show="show">{{message}}</div>
</teleport>
</div>`
});
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:
Render函数
【template】标签实际上在编译的时候会生成一个render函数;
我们可以直接使用render函数去生成UI;
render函数 提高了Vue的性能,且使其获得跨平台的能力;
首先假设有这么一个需求,
定义一个子组件,
接受调用它的父组件的一个参数level
,
子组件 根据这个level
显示不同的DOM节点
,
最基本的也许我们会写成这样:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title :level="2">
heheda
</my-title>
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
props: ['level'],
template:
`
<h1 v-if="level === 1"><slot /></h1>
<h2 v-if="level === 2"><slot /></h2>
<h3 v-if="level === 3"><slot /></h3>
<h4 v-if="level === 4"><slot /></h4>`
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:使用Render函数优化
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title :level="6">
heheda
</my-title>
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
props: ['level'],
render() {
const { h } = Vue;
return h('h' + this.level, {}, this.$slots.default());
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
关键代码:
render() {
const { h } = Vue;
return h('h' + this.level, {}, this.$slots.default());
}
h() 的 三个参数:
标题等级【tagName】,
其他属性的 键值对形式, 【attributes】
标题内容;【text】
这里h()
返回的是一个虚拟DOM【JS对象】
,
虚拟DOM 简要说就是 用JS映射【表示】一个真实DOM节点
;
结构类似于:{ tagName: 'h3', text: 'heheda', attributes: {} }
Vue接收到
render函数
返回的虚拟DOM
之后,
会将其映射
成真正的DOM节点
并展示出来;
运行效果:
level
改成3:使用Render函数 生成多层嵌套UI
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title :level="1">
heheda
</my-title>
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
props: ['level'],
render() {
const { h } = Vue;
return h('h' + this.level, {}, [
this.$slots.default(),
h('h' + String(Number(this.level) + 1), {}, [
this.$slots.default(),
h('h' + String(Number(this.level) + 3), {},
this.$slots.default()
)
])
]);
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
运行效果:
插件
插件,即
plugin
,可以用于封装通用性的功能
;
install
钩子,在插件运行时会回调;
install参数初解读
如图,打印插件接收的app
、plugin
参数:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
console.log(app, options);
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
template: `<div>heheda</div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {myTestKey: 'lululu'})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:插件 —— 使用provide
提供数据给 子组件 使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.provide('myTestKey', "lululu");
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
inject: ['myTestKey'],
template: `<div>{{myTestKey}}</div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:插件 —— 自定义指令 供 (子)组件使用
...
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.directive('focus', {
mounted(el) {
el.focus();
}
})
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
template: `
<div><input /></div>
<div><input v-focus /></div>
<div><input /></div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
...
运行效果:插件 —— 拓展生命周期
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.mixin({
mounted() {
console.log('mixin');
}
})
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
template: `
<div><input /></div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
运行效果:可以看到打印了两次,上次说过,
因为这是全局mixin,所以挂载的组件,根组件子组件都会打印!
插件 —— 拓展底层变量
app.config.globalProperties.$[变量名]
可以 在底层拓展的拓展app私有字段;
这样在使用时,只要看到$[变量名]
,
就可以知道是 自己底层定义的拓展
,
而不是组件里定义的普通变量
,也不是父组件传递过来的参数
,
语义上
和可维护性上
是比较有特性
的;
<script>
const myPlugin = {
install(app, options) {
app.config.globalProperties.$heheDa = "heheda!";
}
}
const app = Vue.createApp({
template: `
<my-title />
`
});
app.component('my-title', {
mounted() {
console.log(this.$heheDa);
},
template: `
<div><input /></div>`
})
app.use(myPlugin, {})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
运行效果:Mixin方案 —— 对数据做校验 案例
首先打印观察rules对象
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return { myName: 'zhao', age: 66}
},
rules: {
age: {
// validate: age => {return age > 23},
validate: age => age > 23,
message: 'too young, to simple'
},
myName: {
validate: myName => myName !== 'zhao',
message: 'heheda'
}
},
template: `
<div>name:{{myName}}, age:{{age}} </div>
`
});
app.mixin({
created() {
console.log(this.$options.rules);
for(let key in this.$options.rules) {
const item = this.$options.rules[key];
console.log(key, item);
}
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:可以看到,
this.$options.rules
的内容就是一个JSON Object Array
,
而这array
的每一个元素,都是一个rule
对象,
它都是由[定义了校验的变量名]: {校验相关的信息}
这么一个键值对组成;
这里这个key的引用
其实就完全是data中对应的字段
,完全同步的!!
其中,
{校验相关的信息}
这个值,也是一个JSON Object
,
其中主要信息主要是message
、validate
两个键值对,
validate
便是存储检验规则
,
message
提供不通过检验时的信息
;
每层迭代 增加监听
例程:
遍历rules的key,
每一层迭代里——
对每一个key,都用这个key去获取对应的rule对象
,赋给item,
然后对item的key【被校验字段】
设置监听
,
当key/被校验字段
发生改变时,触发回调,
这时,可以用[rule对象].validate()
去校验值,然后返回结果,
如果校验不通过,
可以用[rule对象].message
获取到我们准备好的话术!!
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return { myName: 'zhao', age: 66}
},
rules: {
age: {
// validate: age => {return age > 23},
validate: age => age > 23,
message: 'too young, to simple'
},
myName: {
validate: myName => myName.length > 3,
message: 'heheda'
}
},
template: `
<div>name:{{myName}}, age:{{age}} </div>
`
});
app.mixin({
created() {
console.log(this.$options.rules);
for(let key in this.$options.rules) {
const item = this.$options.rules[key];
this.$watch(key, (value) => {
const result = item.validate(value);
if(!result) console.log(item.message);
})
console.log(key, item);
}
}
})
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果:将 校验mixin 封装进 plugin
将mixin 封装进plugin,
把这个plugin
存进一个字段 并基于功能
进行命名
,
可读性
会比无名无姓
的mixin
高很多,也更加规范
;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Hello World! heheheheheheda</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="heheApp"></div>
</body>
<script>
const app = Vue.createApp({
data() {
return { myName: 'zhao', age: 66}
},
rules: {
age: {
// validate: age => {return age > 23},
validate: age => age > 23,
message: 'too young, to simple'
},
myName: {
validate: myName => myName.length > 3,
message: 'heheda'
}
},
template: `
<div>name:{{myName}}, age:{{age}} </div>
`
});
const validatorPlugin = (app, options) => {
app.mixin({
created() {
console.log(this.$options.rules);
for(let key in this.$options.rules) {
const item = this.$options.rules[key];
this.$watch(key, (value) => {
const result = item.validate(value);
if(!result) console.log(item.message);
})
console.log(key, item);
}
}
})
};
app.use(validatorPlugin);
const vm = app.mount('#heheApp');
</script>
</html>
运行效果同上例;