Chapter2 Part1阅读笔记
问题:带着问题愉快得读书
问题1:作者为什么花大量笔墨写3K党?
作者在第二章的前半部分花费大量笔墨讲述了一个看似跟经济学八竿子打不着的事情——美国臭名昭著的3K党几度起起落落的兴衰史。
3K党是个秘密组织,当今虽然没有在美国绝迹,却已是臭名昭著。曾经无限风光的3K党,势力遍布全美,朝野倾之,包括政治家,官员,警察,最兴盛1920s,号称有800万成员。
3K党从成立到1940s,几经沉浮,其中经历过政府的干泄,几乎绝迹,可总是能死灰复燃,甚至越斗越勇,每一次蛰伏期之后的发展就上一个台阶。一部电影,一个口号就能把他从死亡边缘拉回来,战斗值越来越高。
无法被剿灭3K党究竟是为什么开始走下坡路,变成无足轻重的小组织了?
作者的观点非常明确:
3K瓦解的原因:3K党之所以能长期压抑黑人,关键的因素是人们对他们的“恐惧”。人们之所以“恐惧”, 是对3K党的恐怖行为不了解,因此害怕。当Kennedy通过电台等渠道揭露3K党的秘密后,那些本来就反对3K党的人找到了有利的反对证据,那些意欲加入3K党被经警告不要加入3K党,就这样随着3K党的秘密被公开,人们越来越了解3k, 3K党开始土崩网瓦解。
“Once that information falls into the wrong hands (or, depending on your point of view, the right hands), much of the group’s advantage disappears.”
作者费劲心思只是想引入一个经济学概念:信息不对称 information asymmetry
因为信息不对称,人们对3k党恐惧,当小孩们把3K党的秘密当作戏耍的游戏时,恐惧不在,只变成笑谈,哪里还有号召力!
这本书有趣的地方是:以有趣的方式提出经济学概念,用3k党引出“信息不对称”正如第一章用“教、师相扑、幼儿园家长作弊引出动机概念一样生动”。
对于美国本土的读者,用这3K党的兴哀引出“经济学信息不对称”的概念通俗易懂;对于我们不太熟悉3K党历史的读者,即了解了3K党的历史,有觉得作者构思精巧。当我们意识到“信息不对称”这个概念的时候,作者再分析我们日常生活中信息不对称的经济学问题,比如房地产代理人,汽车销售等等。
问题2.:信息究竟有多大的力量?
Information is a beacon, a cudgel, an olive branch, a deterrent, depending on who wields it and how. Information is so powerful that the assumption of information, even if the information does not actually exist, can have a sobering effect.
It is common for one party to a transaction to have better information than another party. In the parlance of economists, such a case is known as an information asymmetry.
通常来说,对于交易双方总有一方有信息优势。用经济学术语来说,这种现象称为信息不对称。
在金融领域中,信息往往意味首金钱,这是恐怕信息犯罪,内幕交易的动机。
问题3:专家为什么有欺骗性?
“Armed with information, experts can exert a gigantic, if unspoken, leverage: fear. Fear that your children will find you dead on the bathroom floor of a heart attack if you do not have angioplasty surgery. Fear that a cheap casket will expose your grandmother to a terrible underground fate. Fear that a $25,000 car will crumple like a toy in an accident, whereas a $50,000 car will wrap your loved ones in a cocoon of impregnable steel. The fear created by commercial experts may not quite rival the fear created by terrorists like the Ku Klux Klan, but the principle is the same.”
专家利用信息不对称,或者说利用“恐惧杠杆“让人们无条件服从,认同。这个道理与3K党异曲同工。
感悟
信息就是力量!
在当今的社会中,我们炒股票靠信息,投资房产靠信息,一切都离不开信息,信息灵通仿佛已经成了人脉广的代名词。这是个拼信息的年代,那么如何用信息武装自己?知识也是一种信息,哈哈,不要天天刷手机了,踏踏实实每天阅读,让自己不断精进。不要成为信息对角的那个人。
每日五词
1. like-minded /ˈlaɪkˈmaɪndɪd/ adjective
having similar tastes or opinions
趣味相投的, 志同道合的:
a radio ham with like-minded friends all over the world.
一个同好遍布世界各地的业余无线电爱好者。
2. spring into existence/being
to suddenly begin to exist 突然出现,冒出来
At last there had sprung into existence a great Ku Klux Klan, a veritable empire of the South, to protect the Southern country.
3. hold sway
to control
Each group that held sway over a particular strip of the Mississippi River controlled who used it.
4.glean
extract (information) from various sources
从各种渠道提取(信息):
the information is gleaned from press cuttings
信息是通过剪报获取的。
5. The agent, meanwhile, only lost $300-a small price to pay to ensure that she would quickly and easily lock up the sale, which netted her a commission of $6,450.
lock up the sale, 很实用的表达