key-value coding,使用字符串更改对象状态
介绍
- 用途:
1.访问私有属性
2.整体操作(计算)
3.批处理对象属性
- 原理:根据传入的字符串去对象内寻找相应属性的 getter/setter,如果没有,寻找对象内以“_字符串”命名的实例变量
- 特点:自动装箱(
valueForKey:
),自动开箱(setValue:forKey:
)
- 缺点:
1.需要解析字符串,速度较慢
2.编译器无法进行错误检查
用法
-
valueForKey:
,setValue:forKey:
ZWQPerson *personA = [[ZWQPerson alloc] initWithName:@"David"
phoneNumber:@12345678911
friends:nil];
personA.item = item1;
ZWQPerson *personB = [[ZWQPerson alloc] initWithName:@"Lee"
phoneNumber:@12345678912
friends:nil];
personB.item = item2;
ZWQPerson *personC = [[ZWQPerson alloc] initWithName:@"Levis"
phoneNumber:@12345678913
friends:@[personA,personB]];
personC.item = item3;
// KVC
NSString *personName = [personC valueForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@",personName); // Levis
[personC setValue:@"Wade"
forKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@",personC.name); // Wade
- 带键路径(路径深度任意)
valueForKeyPath:
,setValue:forKeyPath:
// 带键路径的 KVC
NSString *itemName = [personC valueForKeyPath:@"item.itemName"];
NSLog(@"%@",itemName); // c
[personC setValue:@"abc"
forKeyPath:@"item.itemName"];
NSLog(@"%@",personC.item.itemName); // abc
// 对数组进行整体操作
NSArray *persons = @[personA,personB,personC];
NSArray *nameOfPersons = [persons valueForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"%@",nameOfPersons); // (David,Lee,Wade)
NSArray *nameOfFriends = [personC valueForKeyPath:@"friends.name"];
NSLog(@"%@",nameOfFriends); // (David,Lee)
// 整体操作时进行运算(@sum,@avg,@min,@max,@distinckUnionOfObjects)
NSNumber *sumOfPhoneNumber = [persons valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.phoneNumber"];
NSLog(@"%@",sumOfPhoneNumber); // 37037036736
NSNumber *sumOfFriendsPhoneNumber = [personC valueForKeyPath:@"friends.@sum.phoneNumber"];
NSLog(@"%@",sumOfFriendsPhoneNumber); // 24691357823
// 批处理
NSArray *keys = @[@"name",@"phoneNumber"];
NSDictionary *personMessages = [personC dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:keys];
NSLog(@"%@",personMessages); // {name = Wade;phoneNumber = 12345678913;}
NSString *newPersonName = @"Adam";
NSNumber *newPhoneNumber = @12345678900;
NSDictionary *newPersonMessages = @{@"name" : newPersonName , @"phoneNumber" : newPhoneNumber};
[personC setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:newPersonMessages];
NSLog(@"%@ %@",personC.name,personC.phoneNumber); // Adam 12345678900
- 防御式编程
setNilValueForKey
,setValue:forUndefinedKey:
,valueForUndefinedKey:
// 用来接收未定义键值的字典
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSMutableDictionary *valuesForUndefinedKeys;
...
// 接受 nil 值的特殊处理
- (void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key{
if ([key isEqualToString:@"itemNumber"]) {
self.itemNumber = 0;
} else {
[super setNilValueForKey:key];
}
}
// 接收未定义的键的处理
- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
[self.valuesForUndefinedKeys setObject:value forKey:key];
}
// 取未定义键值的处理
- (id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
return [self.valuesForUndefinedKeys objectForKey:key];
}