序言
2017，定下一个小目标，深度学Python~
爬取对象
使用包
import codecs #非必须，用于指定创建记录爬取文件字符集
import requests #数据抓取
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup #抓取内容解析
实现步骤
1、编写抓取伪代码
url = 'https://www.douban.com/'
webPage = requests.get(url).text
soup = BeautifulSoup(webPage,"html.parser")
print(soup.title) # <title>豆瓣</title>
2、抓取对象分析
- 通过
F12捕获页面内容得知待抓取内容以列表形式显示在grid_view中，每“行”主要分为左侧图片、右侧电影名称等文本介绍
肖申克的救赎 - 分析翻页机制，重点关注不同页间
URL区别
翻页
3、电影名称抓取实现
import codecs #非必须，用于指定创建记录爬取文件字符集
import requests #数据抓取
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup #抓取内容解析
DOWNLOAD_URL = 'http://movie.douban.com/top250/'
def download_page(url):
return requests.get(url, headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36'
}).content
def parse_html(html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
movie_list_soup = soup.find('ol', attrs={'class': 'grid_view'})
movie_name_list = []
print("当前准备解析页码：" + soup.find('span', attrs={'class': 'thispage'}).getText())
top_num = 1 + (int(soup.find('span', attrs={'class': 'thispage'}).getText())-1) * 25
for movie_li in movie_list_soup.find_all('li'):
detail = movie_li.find('div', attrs = {'class': 'hd'})
movie_name_list.append("## Top " + str(top_num))
#名称
movie_name = ""
for sp in detail.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'title'}):
movie_name += sp.text
img = movie_li.find('div', attrs={'class': 'pic'}).find('a').find('img')
movie_name_list.append("### "+ movie_name )
top_num +=1
next_page = soup.find('span', attrs={'class': 'next'}).find('a')
if next_page:
return movie_name_list, DOWNLOAD_URL + next_page['href']
return movie_name_list, None
def main():
url = DOWNLOAD_URL
with codecs.open('douban_moviesList_top250.md', 'wb', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
while url:
html = download_page(url)
movies, url = parse_html(html)
fp.write(u'{movies}\n'.format(movies='\n'.join(movies)))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
电影名称
4、基于名称，补充剩余信息解析
- 封面解析示意
img = movie_li.find('div', attrs={'class': 'pic'}).find('a').find('img')
try:
img_req = requests.get(img["src"], timeout=20)
img_localhost = 'douban_moviesList_top250\\'+str(top_num)+ '.jpg'
with open(img_localhost, 'wb') as f:
f.write(img_req.content)
movie_name_list.append('+'.jpg "douban_moviesList_top250")')
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
print('【错误】当前图片无法下载，失效地址为：' + img["src"])
总结
因豆瓣大部分均为静态页面，相对较为简单，主要涉及翻页循环、图片抓取异常处理、BeautifulSoup 中 find、find_all使用......
好了，到此结束，我是不会承认我会抓取豆瓣妹子什么的......
完整代码
豆瓣Top250
