前言
这几天准备尝试一下数据备份，想起来在本机虚拟机上装一下mysql，都说很简单。但装起来也遇到了各种问题，也花了几个小时吧。现在总结一下，把过程贴出来，让自己以后比较熟悉，也给大家参考一下。
环境
- CentOS
- mysql rpm文件 提取码：vvek
过程
- 检查系统是否已经安装了
mysqlmariadb
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
由于CentOS默认的数据库是mariadb,这个会和mysql冲突，所以一般都会先卸载一下
rpm -e mariadb-libs-1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 --nodeps
另外如果显示出来安装了的mysql，用以下命令卸载，如有多个用空格隔开多个rpm,如
rpm -e --nodeps MySQL-devel-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64 MySQL-client-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64 MySQL-server-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64
如果在安装过程中有提示找不到
Perl或者net-tools等，按提示yum安装即可
yun install Perl
yum install net-tools
yum install -y perl-Module-Install.noarch
- 安装mysql头文件，服务器及客户端
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm --nosignature
正常情况下这样命令不会出问题，但如果出现
警告：MySQL-server-5.5.46-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
可以尝试：
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.29-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
- 启动mysql服务
service mysql start
但貌似就是这个过程没有那么容易一次成功，先贴出来正常启动成功的tips：
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
同样需要注意的是常见的错误提示：
- error1
Failed to issue method call: Unit mysql.service failed to load: No such file or directory
可以尝试一下命令：
systemctl start mysql.service
但很有可能继续报错，输入一下命令：
systemctl enable mysql.service
- error2
Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/...)
出现这个问题的原因特别多，网上也有很多总结，贴一个看看
MySQL提示:The server quit without updating PID file问题的解决办法
我逐一的去试了一下，都没什么用。。可能和初装用户的报错点还是不太一样吧。
但是解决办法最重要的是要有思路，而不是一头雾水的乱撞，那合理的途径是什么呢！就是看日志啊！！
经检查，日志所在目录为vi /var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err
贴一下错误日志
160826 20:52:49 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
2016-08-26 20:52:49 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-08-26 20:52:49 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.29) starting as process 7276 ...
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
/usr/sbin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-08-26 20:52:49 7276 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-08-26 20:52:50 7276 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.29 started; log sequence number 1600647
2016-08-26 20:52:50 7276 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2016-08-26 20:52:50 7276 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2016-08-26 20:52:50 7276 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
2016-08-26 20:52:50 7276 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2016-08-26 20:52:50 7276 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
错误主要有两条：
[ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
[ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
我的处理方法：
#1.需要初始化数据库user表权限关系
find / -name mysql_install_db
#执行命令得到mysql服务地址，如/usr/bin/mysql_install_db，执行：
/usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
#2.编辑my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
#在[mysqld]下面加上
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#3.编辑my-default.cnf
vi /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf
#同样在[mysqld]下面加上
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
提示：
在调试错误的过程中，建议多开几个Session，一边看错误日志，一边执行命令，还可以留一个来不断执行开启mysql服务命令看效果
调试
安装成功之后，执行mysql进入
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
这个时候mysql是没有密码的，所以可以直接访问。
- 设置开机启动
#查看是否有MySQL开机启动：
chkconfig --list | grep mysql*
#设置开机启动：
chkconfig --add mysql
#再次运行查看mysql开机启动命令，可以看到下面显示即开启成功
chkconfig --list | grep mysql*
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- 设置mysql密码
mysql_secure_installation
根据提示按照自己的需求设置好密码以及相关配置即可，重启生效：
service mysql restart
登陆：
mysql -u root -p
- 设置utf-8编码格式
查看mysql编码格式
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
存在默认的latin1编码格式时：
#编辑my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
#在[mysqld]下面加上
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
设置成功后重启再次查看编码：
service mysql restart
mysql -u root -p
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
显示如下：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
表示成功！
好了～就介绍到这里啦，支持的点个喜欢吧。
参考
http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390369836?page=1
http://my.oschina.net/wangrikui/blog/688756
http://blog.csdn.net/a2011480169/article/details/51912771
http://www.ithao123.cn/content-10734293.html
http://blog.csdn.net/superchanon/article/details/8546254/
http://www.th7.cn/db/mysql/201408/69235.shtml
http://blog.csdn.net/intergameover/article/details/48128939
http://blog.csdn.net/u012689588/article/details/14127621
