上一篇文章介绍了蓝牙的基本知识,这里我们具体说下,中心模式的应用场景。主设备(手机去扫描连接外设)发现外设服务和属性,操作服务和属性的应用。一般来说,外设(蓝牙设备。比如智能手环之类的东西),会有硬件工程师开发好,并定义好设备提供的服务,每个服务对应的特征,每个特征的属性(只读、只写、通知等等),本文例子的业务场景,就是用一手机APP去读写蓝牙设备。
一、iOS连接外设的代码实现流程
- 建立中心角色
- 扫描外设(discover)
- 连接外设(connect)
- 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
- 4.1 获取外设的services
- 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
- 与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)
- 订阅Characteristic的通知
- 断开连接(disconnect)
二、准备环境
- xcode
- 开发证书和手机
3.蓝牙外设
三、实现步骤
1.导入CoreBluetooth头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备代理
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface BeCentralVewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
@interface BeCentralVewController (){
//系统蓝牙设备管理对象,可以把他理解为主设备,通过他,可以去扫描和链接外设
CBCentralManager *manager;
//用于保存被发现设备
NSMutableArray *discoverPeripherals;
}
一些代理的信息
/*
设置主设备的委托,CBCentralManagerDelegate
必须实现的:
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变的委托,在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备,只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的:
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
*/
- 扫描外设(discover)
扫描外设的方法我们放在centralManagerDidUpdateState,只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错。
-(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
switch (central.state) {
case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");//初始的时候是未知的(刚刚创建的时候)
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");//正在充值的状态
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");//设备不支持的状态
break;
case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");//设备未授权的状态
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");//设备关闭的状态
break;
case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
//开始扫描周围的外设
/*
第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设,扫描到外设后会进入
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
*/
[central scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
break;
default:
break;
}
}
扫描到设备后会进入下面方法
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name);
//接下来可以连接设备
}
3.连接设备(connect)
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name);
//接下连接我们的测试设备,如果你没有设备,可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
//这里自己去设置下连接规则,我设置的是P开头的设备
// if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"P"]){
/*
一个主设备最多能连7个外设,每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功,失败,断开会进入各自的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
- (void)centra`lManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
*/
//找到的设备必须持有它,否则CBCentralManager中也不会保存peripheral,那么CBPeripheralDelegate中的方法也不会被调用!!
[discoverPeripherals addObject:peripheral];
[central connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
// }
}
//连接到Peripherals-失败
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-失败,原因:%@",[peripheral name],[error localizedDescription]);
}
//Peripherals断开连接
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@">>>外设连接断开连接 %@: %@\n", [peripheral name], [error localizedDescription]);
}
//连接到Peripherals-成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
//设置的peripheral委托CBPeripheralDelegate
//@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
[peripheral setDelegate:self];
//扫描外设Services,成功后会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
[peripheral discoverServices:nil];
}
**
有一个点非常容易出错,大家请注意,在didDiscoverPeripheral这个代理中有一行,
/找到的设备必须持有它,否则CBCentralManager中也不会保存peripheral,那么CBPeripheralDelegate中的方法也不会被调用!!
[discoverPeripherals addObject:peripheral];
请特别注意,如果不保存,会影响到后面的方法执行,这个地方最容易出错,大家也可以看下,在xcode中的说明,重点看@discussion中的内容,里面特别指出了重要的retained对象。
4.扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
设备连接成功后,就可以扫描设备中的服务了,同样是通过代理的形式,扫描到结果后会进入委托方法。但这个委托已经不再是主设备的委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate),而是外设的委托(CBPeripheralDelegate),这个委托包含了主设备与外设交互的许多回调方法,包括获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor,和Descriptor的值,写数据,读rssi,用通知的方式订阅数据等等。
4.1获取外设的services
//扫描到Services
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
// NSLog(@">>>扫描到服务:%@",peripheral.services);
if (error)
{
NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
NSLog(@"%@",service.UUID);
//扫描每个service的Characteristics,扫描到后会进入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
[peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
}
}
4.2获取外设的Chatacteristics,获取Chatacteristics的值,获取Chatacteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
//扫描到Characteristics
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
}
//获取Characteristic的值,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
{
[peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
}
//搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
[peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
}
//获取的charateristic的值
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
//打印出characteristic的UUID和值
//!注意,value的类型是NSData,具体开发时,会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@ value:%@",characteristic.UUID,characteristic.value);
}
//搜索到Characteristic的Descriptors
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
//打印出Characteristic和他的Descriptors
NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@",characteristic.UUID);
for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) {
NSLog(@"Descriptor uuid:%@",d.UUID);
}
}
//获取到Descriptors的值
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error{
//打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
//这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@ value:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",descriptor.UUID],descriptor.value);
}
5.把数据写到Characteristic中
//写数据
-(void)writeCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
value:(NSData *)value{
//打印出 characteristic 的权限,可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS,就是可以同时用于好几个值,常见的有read,write,notify,indicate,知知道这几个基本就够用了,前连个是读写权限,后两个都是通知,两种不同的通知方式。
/*
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x100,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x200
};
*/
NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);
//只有 characteristic.properties 有write的权限才可以写
if(characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){
/*
最好一个type参数可以为CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse或type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse,区别是是否会有反馈
*/
[peripheral writeValue:value forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
}else{
NSLog(@"该字段不可写!");
}
}
6.订阅Characteristic的通知
//设置通知
-(void)notifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
//设置通知,数据通知会进入:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic方法
[peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
//取消通知
-(void)cancelNotifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
[peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
7.断开连接(disconnect)
//停止扫描并断开连接
-(void)disconnectPeripheral:(CBCentralManager *)centralManager
peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
//停止扫描
[centralManager stopScan];
//断开连接
[centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}
8 模拟器蓝牙调试,慎用,最好还是用真机去调试
由于在iPhone 4s之后的iOS才支持BLE,新一代的这些iOS设备又都不便宜,在做测试的时候,用iOS模拟器进行调试,可以节约一些开发成本。怎么在iOS模拟器上调试BLE,
苹果最初给出的说明是,支持BLE的mac机子上可以用模拟器进行调试,并给出了一份技术文档(传送门),恶心的是,后来苹果抽风,又把这份文档移除,
并且把iOS 7.0的模拟器上对BLE的支持也移除掉了(难道是想让大家多买设备测试?Apple sucks.)后面,网上搜了一下,解决办法如下:
1. 买一个CSR蓝牙4.0 USB适配器(某宝上大概30块钱),在机子上插入该物(你懂的)
2. 在Terminal下敲入sudo nvram bluetoothHostControllerSwitchBehavior="never" , 重启Mac。
3. 用XCode 4.6调试代码,在iOS 6.1的模拟器上跑程序(用XCode 5.0跑iOS 7.0模拟器会抛异常,原因上面详诉过了,Apple sucks,你懂的)
如何降低模拟器的IOS版本呢?
XCode->Preferences->Downloads里面有很多simulators你可以下载
选择个6.1的下载好了