Integrated writing

Reading: 4 paragraphs

first paragraph: background+ theme+ position
A. A is good/bad: H₂ based fuel cell engine has many advantages and will replace internal combustion engine in the future.
B. Statement: Jane Austin is the subject of the painting
C. In terms of some problem, text comes up with 3 solutions/theory
body paragraph: sub-claim+ evidence
sub-claim: beginning/end of the paragraph- conclude the whole paragraph and prove the main claim
A. A is good/bad-3 pros or cons of A
B. Statement- 3 reasons
C. In terms of some problem, text comes up with 3 solutions/theory
understand the text and take notes
the specific points made in the reading passage: main claim+ 3 sub-claims(paraphrase)

Lecture

first paragraph:
position- arguments: unconvincing
concession- turn
body paragraph: sub claim+ evidence
sub-claim: There is great possibilities that there will be sub-claims for type A. (beginning/end of the paragraph)- opposite to the sub-claim from the reading
evidence: 2 details->2 sentences
Summarize the points made in the lecture: 1+(1+2)*=10 sentences(use the keywords from the lecture)

step-by-step way to do the problem

Step1: understand the reading, take notes, and prepare for the lecture
Step2: understand the lecture and take keywords
find the core of the sentences
find the logic between sentences
keywords: help us reproduce the lecture
Step3: use the model, modify the reading, and reproduce the lecture

criteria

important information form the lecture
relevant information form the reading

HW

TPO 8 9 15 18 21 28 30 34

independent writing

结构/逻辑：5 段话（开头段+3中间段+结尾段），段首不空格，段和段之间空2行
段间：from my perspective, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, firstly/ to begin with; secondly/ on top of that; thirdly/last but not least; admittedly, on the other hand, all in all
段内：句子句子之间的逻辑关系：
- 并列/递进：in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, plus...
- 转折/对比：however, nonetheless, nerveless,
- 因果：accordingly, therefore, as a result, hence ,thus, consequently
内容：450words
- 开头段
- 中间段：分论点/use specific details and examples to support your idea(well developed)
- 结尾段：重申立场+重申分论点
语言
- 综合写作：正确
- 独立写作：正确+多变(词汇、句型)

三选一：

写法1：2个主体段论证我方立场的好处，1个让步段承认剩下两个选项也有道理

独立写作分论点

分论点的注意事项

直接证明立场——只看你的分论点就可以推出你的立场，慎用代词，分论点中一般包含立场的关键词
概括全段内容——为后文的论据留下余地
立场：大标题
分论点：二级标题
不要相互包含不要互为因果不要重复立场

分论点的结构

一遍倒结构,三个分论点全部支持我方观点
让步——转折——递进结构
Admittedly.../it is true.../of course(论证让步分论点)
第三段先1句话转折，再讲分论点，一共两句话
nevertheless.../it is true that...
however
递进——让步结构

主体段分论点的思路

论证我方立场的好处：
经济价值：bring economic benefits, boost local economy, earn more money, ensure a more stable income/ enhance living quality, economically competitive
精神价值： benefits people in some less tangible ways
- 学：learn sth, expand our range of knowledge, broaden our horizons, enrich our inner worlds, accumulate experience, cultivate good ** habits, make progress, improve sb's ** abilities/skills, achieve self-enhancement/ self-fulfillment, to be more independent, to grow up
- 情：expand our social circle, make more friends, be popular, establish a more harmonious/ vigorous atmosphere, deepen friendship, strength emotional bond with family members, ** can work as a great impetus for sb to do
- 景：attract more tourists
- 玩：bring a lot of fun, ** make the ** process more enjoyable/relaxing, provide a kind of entertainment/ relax

效率与成就
公平专业全面客观
性格与健康

论证我方立场的原因
个人：意识；能力（金钱、知识、科技）
国家：资金；政策
社会：风气/氛围；科学技术；专门平台
就我方立场适用的对象/人群，情况等进行拆分（分类法）：4+N
学习、工作、生活
个人、社会、国家
科技、社会/经济、文化
过去、现在、将来
A/DA： the problems and challenges faced by young people nowadays are not very different form those faced by their parents and grandparents in the past
思路1：原因——为什么不一样
思路2：分类——哪些方面不一样
Firstly, young people are faced with different challenges in their academic fields.
Secondly, economic boom has altered problems and obstacles in modern job market and work places
Thirdly, this generation of young people also has to deal with some new types of difficulties in their daily lives

A/DA: teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge

技巧

不要先入为主，双方立场双管齐下
思路至上，万能理由找不到也需要保留思路
万能理由可以内部拆分，比如：学——学到什么东西
难题考虑拆分：主题拆分，宾语拆分，不同情况的拆分
From a *** perspective
为了方便后面论证，分论点可以包含两方面内容

phrases and words

enjoy a moment of tranquility
the statement that *** is far form self-evident since
show an inextricable and positive correlation with
more sense of achievement can be derived from
the process of ... can be regraded as the process of ...
prudent
well-rounded individual
holistic education
be blessed with chance to
large repertories of skills
unprecedented boom

让步段

however, *** does not mean
admittedly
对对方的反对表达要婉转：can be, also, may, could
先论证让部分论点，最后1-2句话转折拉回立场
-反证段不要放在第二段
先论证己方正确，在论证对方错误

独立写作开头段

方法一、模板句

choosing______is a purely personal decision.
Regrading/as for_____, people's favorite ways/opinions vary from person to person.
When asked about______, each individual may express his own preferences.
The issue of ______is highly debatable.

方法二、背景句

找到题目关键词，写一两句话
之后引入话题，申明自己立场

独立写作结尾段

all in all, to summarize, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion
taking what I have mentioned above into consideration, whereas______, I still hold the idea that ______. Not only because ______, but______.

独立写作分论点论证

两条原因

We can attribute this mainly to two reasons. To be specific, ...3句话原因... In addition,...
Many reasons/ factors/ elements contribute to /account for this phenomenon. To be specific,...
This (trend/ phenomenon effect) mainly arises from two reasons. To be
specific,...
for instance + 多个例子
for example + 一个例子
but for these friends help, strong as Jacky is, he could not have set up ...
waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness
coupled with

论证原因写法

举例子
具体表述(in other words)

HW

writing 106

Writing For TOEFL