人生不如意之事十之八九,合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。
准备新的feature1分支,继续我们的新分支开发:
$git checkout -b feature1Switchedto a new branch'feature1'
修改readme.txt最后一行,改为:
Creating anewbranch is quickANDsimple.
在feature1分支上提交:
$ git add readme.txt $ gitcommit-m"AND simple"[feature175a857c]ANDsimple1file changed,1insertion(+),1deletion(-)
切换到master分支:
$ git checkout masterSwitched to branch 'master'Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1commit.
Git还会自动提示我们当前master分支比远程的master分支要超前1个提交。
在master分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为:
Creating anewbranch is quick & simple.
提交:
$git add readme.txt$git commit -m"& simple"[master400b400] & simple1file changed,1insertion(+),1deletion(-)
现在,master分支和feature1分支各自都分别有新的提交,变成了这样:
这种情况下,Git无法执行“快速合并”,只能试图把各自的修改合并起来,但这种合并就可能会有冲突,我们试试看:
$git merge feature1Auto-merging readme.txtCONFLICT(content):Mergeconflictinreadme.txtAutomaticmerge failed; fix conflictsandthencommit the result.
果然冲突了!Git告诉我们,readme.txt文件存在冲突,必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status也可以告诉我们冲突的文件:
$git status# On branch master# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.## Unmerged paths:# (use "git add/rm ..." as appropriate to mark resolution)## both modified: readme.txt#no changes added to commit (use"git add"and/or"git commit -a")
我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容:
Git is a distributed version control system.Git is free software distributed under the GPL.Git has a mutable index called stage.Git tracks changes of files.<<<<<<>>>>>> feature1
Git用<<<<<<<,=======,>>>>>>>标记出不同分支的内容,我们修改如下后保存:
Creating anewbranch is quickandsimple.
再提交:
$git add readme.txt$git commit -m"conflict fixed"[master59bc1cb] conflict fixed
现在,master分支和feature1分支变成了下图所示:
用带参数的git log也可以看到分支的合并情况:
$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit*59bc1cb conflict fixed|\| *75a857cANDsimple* |400b400 & simple|/* fec145a branch test...
最后,删除feature1分支:
$git branch -d feature1Deletedbranch feature1 (was75a857c).
工作完成。
当Git无法自动合并分支时,就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后,再提交,合并完成。
用git log --graph命令可以看到分支合并图。