问题
上一篇Spring Boot Cache + redis 设置有效时间和自动刷新缓存,时间支持在配置文件中配置,说了一种时间方式,直接扩展注解的Value值,如:
@Override
@Cacheable(value = "people#${select.cache.timeout:1800}#${select.cache.refresh:600}", key = "#person.id", sync = true)
public Person findOne(Person person, String a, String[] b, List<Long> c) {
Person p = personRepository.findOne(person.getId());
System.out.println("为id、key为:" + p.getId() + "数据做了缓存");
System.out.println(redisTemplate);
return p;
}
但是这种方式有一个弊端就是破坏了原有Spring Cache架构,导致如果后期想换缓存就会去改很多代码。
解决思路
RedisCacheManager可以在配置CacheManager的Bean的时候指定过期时间,如:
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate) {
RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);
// 开启使用缓存名称最为key前缀
redisCacheManager.setUsePrefix(true);
//这里可以设置一个默认的过期时间 单位是秒
redisCacheManager.setDefaultExpiration(redisDefaultExpiration);
// 设置缓存的过期时间
Map<String, Long> expires = new HashMap<>();
expires.put("people", 1000);
redisCacheManager.setExpires(expires);
return redisCacheManager;
}
我们借鉴一下redisCacheManager.setExpires(expires)思路,进行扩展。直接新建一个CacheTime类,来存过期时间和自动刷新时间。
在RedisCacheManager调用getCache(name)获取缓存的时候,当没有找到缓存的时候会调用getMissingCache(String cacheName)来新建缓存。在新建缓存的时候我们可以在扩展的Map<String, CacheTime> cacheTimes里面根据key获取CacheTime进而拿到有效时间和自动刷新时间。
具体实现
我们先新建CacheTime类
CacheTime:
/**
* @author yuhao.wang
*/
public class CacheTime {
public CacheTime(long preloadSecondTime, long expirationSecondTime) {
this.preloadSecondTime = preloadSecondTime;
this.expirationSecondTime = expirationSecondTime;
}
/**
* 缓存主动在失效前强制刷新缓存的时间
* 单位:秒
*/
private long preloadSecondTime = 0;
/**
* 缓存有效时间
*/
private long expirationSecondTime;
public long getPreloadSecondTime() {
return preloadSecondTime;
}
public long getExpirationSecondTime() {
return expirationSecondTime;
}
}
扩展一下RedisCache类
和上一篇的CustomizedRedisCache类一样,主要解决:
- 获取缓存的在大并发下的一个bug,详情
- 在获取缓存的时候判断一下缓存的过期时间和自动刷新时间,根据这个值去刷新缓存
CustomizedRedisCache:
/**
* 自定义的redis缓存
*
* @author yuhao.wang
*/
public class CustomizedRedisCache extends RedisCache {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomizedRedisCache.class);
private CacheSupport getCacheSupport() {
return SpringContextUtils.getBean(CacheSupport.class);
}
private final RedisOperations redisOperations;
private final byte[] prefix;
/**
* 缓存主动在失效前强制刷新缓存的时间
* 单位:秒
*/
private long preloadSecondTime = 0;
/**
* 缓存有效时间
*/
private long expirationSecondTime;
public CustomizedRedisCache(String name, byte[] prefix, RedisOperations<? extends Object, ? extends Object> redisOperations, long expiration, long preloadSecondTime) {
super(name, prefix, redisOperations, expiration);
this.redisOperations = redisOperations;
// 指定有效时间
this.expirationSecondTime = expiration;
// 指定自动刷新时间
this.preloadSecondTime = preloadSecondTime;
this.prefix = prefix;
}
public CustomizedRedisCache(String name, byte[] prefix, RedisOperations<? extends Object, ? extends Object> redisOperations, long expiration, long preloadSecondTime, boolean allowNullValues) {
super(name, prefix, redisOperations, expiration, allowNullValues);
this.redisOperations = redisOperations;
// 指定有效时间
this.expirationSecondTime = expiration;
// 指定自动刷新时间
this.preloadSecondTime = preloadSecondTime;
this.prefix = prefix;
}
/**
* 重写get方法,获取到缓存后再次取缓存剩余的时间,如果时间小余我们配置的刷新时间就手动刷新缓存。
* 为了不影响get的性能,启用后台线程去完成缓存的刷。
* 并且只放一个线程去刷新数据。
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
@Override
public ValueWrapper get(final Object key) {
RedisCacheKey cacheKey = getRedisCacheKey(key);
String cacheKeyStr = getCacheKey(key);
// 调用重写后的get方法
ValueWrapper valueWrapper = this.get(cacheKey);
if (null != valueWrapper) {
// 刷新缓存数据
refreshCache(key, cacheKeyStr);
}
return valueWrapper;
}
/**
* 重写父类的get函数。
* 父类的get方法,是先使用exists判断key是否存在,不存在返回null,存在再到redis缓存中去取值。这样会导致并发问题,
* 假如有一个请求调用了exists函数判断key存在,但是在下一时刻这个缓存过期了,或者被删掉了。
* 这时候再去缓存中获取值的时候返回的就是null了。
* 可以先获取缓存的值,再去判断key是否存在。
*
* @param cacheKey
* @return
*/
@Override
public RedisCacheElement get(final RedisCacheKey cacheKey) {
Assert.notNull(cacheKey, "CacheKey must not be null!");
// 根据key获取缓存值
RedisCacheElement redisCacheElement = new RedisCacheElement(cacheKey, fromStoreValue(lookup(cacheKey)));
// 判断key是否存在
Boolean exists = (Boolean) redisOperations.execute(new RedisCallback<Boolean>() {
@Override
public Boolean doInRedis(RedisConnection connection) throws DataAccessException {
return connection.exists(cacheKey.getKeyBytes());
}
});
if (!exists.booleanValue()) {
return null;
}
return redisCacheElement;
}
/**
* 刷新缓存数据
*/
private void refreshCache(Object key, String cacheKeyStr) {
Long ttl = this.redisOperations.getExpire(cacheKeyStr);
if (null != ttl && ttl <= CustomizedRedisCache.this.preloadSecondTime) {
// 尽量少的去开启线程,因为线程池是有限的
ThreadTaskUtils.run(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 加一个分布式锁,只放一个请求去刷新缓存
RedisLock redisLock = new RedisLock((RedisTemplate) redisOperations, cacheKeyStr + "_lock");
try {
if (redisLock.lock()) {
// 获取锁之后再判断一下过期时间,看是否需要加载数据
Long ttl = CustomizedRedisCache.this.redisOperations.getExpire(cacheKeyStr);
if (null != ttl && ttl <= CustomizedRedisCache.this.preloadSecondTime) {
// 通过获取代理方法信息重新加载缓存数据
CustomizedRedisCache.this.getCacheSupport().refreshCacheByKey(CustomizedRedisCache.super.getName(), cacheKeyStr);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.info(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
redisLock.unlock();
}
}
});
}
}
public long getExpirationSecondTime() {
return expirationSecondTime;
}
/**
* 获取RedisCacheKey
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public RedisCacheKey getRedisCacheKey(Object key) {
return new RedisCacheKey(key).usePrefix(this.prefix)
.withKeySerializer(redisOperations.getKeySerializer());
}
/**
* 获取RedisCacheKey
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public String getCacheKey(Object key) {
return new String(getRedisCacheKey(key).getKeyBytes());
}
}
扩展RedisCacheManager
主要扩展通过getCache(String name)方法获取缓存的时候,当没有找到缓存回去调用getMissingCache(String cacheName)来新建缓存。
CustomizedRedisCacheManager:
/**
* 自定义的redis缓存管理器
* 支持方法上配置过期时间
* 支持热加载缓存:缓存即将过期时主动刷新缓存
*
* @author yuhao.wang
*/
public class CustomizedRedisCacheManager extends RedisCacheManager {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomizedRedisCacheManager.class);
/**
* 父类dynamic字段
*/
private static final String SUPER_FIELD_DYNAMIC = "dynamic";
/**
* 父类cacheNullValues字段
*/
private static final String SUPER_FIELD_CACHENULLVALUES = "cacheNullValues";
RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = null;
// 0 - never expire
private long defaultExpiration = 0;
private Map<String, CacheTime> cacheTimes = null;
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisOperations redisOperations) {
super(redisOperations);
}
public CustomizedRedisCacheManager(RedisOperations redisOperations, Collection<String> cacheNames) {
super(redisOperations, cacheNames);
}
public RedisCacheManager getInstance() {
if (redisCacheManager == null) {
redisCacheManager = SpringContextUtils.getBean(RedisCacheManager.class);
}
return redisCacheManager;
}
/**
* 获取过期时间
*
* @return
*/
public long getExpirationSecondTime(String name) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
return 0;
}
CacheTime cacheTime = null;
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(cacheTimes)) {
cacheTime = cacheTimes.get(name);
}
Long expiration = cacheTime != null ? cacheTime.getExpirationSecondTime() : defaultExpiration;
return expiration < 0 ? 0 : expiration;
}
/**
* 获取自动刷新时间
*
* @return
*/
private long getPreloadSecondTime(String name) {
// 自动刷新时间,默认是0
CacheTime cacheTime = null;
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(cacheTimes)) {
cacheTime = cacheTimes.get(name);
}
Long preloadSecondTime = cacheTime != null ? cacheTime.getPreloadSecondTime() : 0;
return preloadSecondTime < 0 ? 0 : preloadSecondTime;
}
/**
* 创建缓存
*
* @param cacheName 缓存名称
* @return
*/
public CustomizedRedisCache getMissingCache(String cacheName) {
// 有效时间,初始化获取默认的有效时间
Long expirationSecondTime = getExpirationSecondTime(cacheName);
// 自动刷新时间,默认是0
Long preloadSecondTime = getPreloadSecondTime(cacheName);
logger.info("缓存 cacheName:{},过期时间:{}, 自动刷新时间:{}", cacheName, expirationSecondTime, preloadSecondTime);
// 是否在运行时创建Cache
Boolean dynamic = (Boolean) ReflectionUtils.getFieldValue(getInstance(), SUPER_FIELD_DYNAMIC);
// 是否允许存放NULL
Boolean cacheNullValues = (Boolean) ReflectionUtils.getFieldValue(getInstance(), SUPER_FIELD_CACHENULLVALUES);
return dynamic ? new CustomizedRedisCache(cacheName, (this.isUsePrefix() ? this.getCachePrefix().prefix(cacheName) : null),
this.getRedisOperations(), expirationSecondTime, preloadSecondTime, cacheNullValues) : null;
}
/**
* 根据缓存名称设置缓存的有效时间和刷新时间,单位秒
*
* @param cacheTimes
*/
public void setCacheTimess(Map<String, CacheTime> cacheTimes) {
this.cacheTimes = (cacheTimes != null ? new ConcurrentHashMap<String, CacheTime>(cacheTimes) : null);
}
/**
* 设置默认的过去时间, 单位:秒
*
* @param defaultExpireTime
*/
@Override
public void setDefaultExpiration(long defaultExpireTime) {
super.setDefaultExpiration(defaultExpireTime);
this.defaultExpiration = defaultExpireTime;
}
@Deprecated
@Override
public void setExpires(Map<String, Long> expires) {
}
}
在Config中配置RedisCacheManager
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate) {
CustomizedRedisCacheManager redisCacheManager = new CustomizedRedisCacheManager(redisTemplate);
// 开启使用缓存名称最为key前缀
redisCacheManager.setUsePrefix(true);
//这里可以设置一个默认的过期时间 单位是秒
redisCacheManager.setDefaultExpiration(redisDefaultExpiration);
// 设置缓存的过期时间和自动刷新时间
Map<String, CacheTime> cacheTimes = new HashMap<>();
cacheTimes.put("people", new CacheTime(selectCacheTimeout, selectCacheRefresh));
cacheTimes.put("people1", new CacheTime(120, 115));
cacheTimes.put("people2", new CacheTime(120, 115));
redisCacheManager.setCacheTimess(cacheTimes);
return redisCacheManager;
}
剩余的创建切面来缓存方法信息请看上篇
源码地址:
https://github.com/wyh-spring-ecosystem-student/spring-boot-student/tree/releases
spring-boot-student-cache-redis-2 工程
为监控而生的多级缓存框架 layering-cache这是我开源的一个多级缓存框架的实现,如果有兴趣可以看一下